Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4FTB
Antibody proteins are synthesized on ribosomes associated with the _____. The antibody proteins are packaged into membranous sacs called and are then transported to the ____. There, what type of molecule is added to the protein? After the antibody is completed, it is packaged into vesicles that fuse with the ___.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 4 - The plasma membrane is composed of two major types...Ch. 4 - Fill-in-the-Blank The_______ is composed of a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3FTBCh. 4 - 4. Antibody proteins are synthesized on ribosomes...Ch. 4 - After each description, fill in the appropriate...Ch. 4 - Two organelles that are believed to have evolved...Ch. 4 - 7. What structure in bacterial cells is composed...Ch. 4 - 1. What are the three principles of the cell...Ch. 4 - 2. Which cytoplasmic structures are common to both...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3RQ
Ch. 4 - Describe the nucleus and the function of each of...Ch. 4 - What are the functions of mitochondria and...Ch. 4 - What is the function of ribosomes? Where in the...Ch. 4 - Describe the structure and function of the...Ch. 4 - 8. How are lysosomes formed? What is their...Ch. 4 - 9. Diagram the structure of eukaryotic cilia and...Ch. 4 - List the structures of bacterial cells that have...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ACCh. 4 - Prob. 2ACCh. 4 - What problems would an enormous round cell...
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- Secretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to release their contents to the outside of the cell. In this process, the membrane of the secretory vesicle becomes part of the cell membrane because small pieces of the membrane are continually added to the cell membrane, one would expect the cell membrane to become larger and larger as secretion continues. The cell membrane stays the same size, however. Explain how this happens.arrow_forwardList and describe the three main types of cytoskeleton. If you wanted to do immunocytochemistry to specifically stain each type of cytoskeleton, what is a protein that could be used for each cytoskeletal type (in other words, what is a unique protein for each cytoskeletal type)? What are three types of actin structures? Describe the involvement of actin structures in cell migration. How is the growth and shrinking of microtubules regulated? Then describe the roles of microtubules in: chromosomal separation during mitosis and the movement of organelles and vesicles within a cell. Describe a possible mechanism on how signaling pathways might impact the cytoskeleton, so that cell migration could be regulated in a localized manner within a multicellular organism. (hint: think about the possible transcriptional regulation of the G-protein regulators) What are 2 main challenges of protein targeting? Then describe one way these challenges are overcome during signal-based targeting and one way…arrow_forwardSecretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to release their contents to the outside of the cell. In this process, the membrane of the secretory vesicle becomes part of the cell membrane. Because small pieces of membrane are continually added to the cell membrane, we would expect the cell membrane to become larger and larger as secretion continues. However, the cell membrane stays the same size. Explain how this happens.arrow_forward
- Which two coat proteins are involved in the trafficking of proteins destined for the endosome/lysosome? COP II and clathrin COP I and COP II COP I and clathrin clathrin and dynaminarrow_forwardTight junctions are protein junctions that provide a water-tight seal between cells. They ensure that materials must enter the cells (through diffusion or active transport) to pass through the tissue. Tight junctions are characteristic of cells lining the digestive tract, where materials are required to pass through cells (not between them) before they can travel into the blood. Can someone explain more clearly why lining the digestive tract?arrow_forwardAssign a number to each item to indicate the order of complexity, from least complex to the most complex. Set A ribosomes nucleus CO2, NO3 glucose glucose-6-phosphate set B Cell ammonia protein golgi apparatus chromosomesarrow_forward
- Which of the following is not true about phagocytosis?(a) It is a form of exocytosis.(b) It is energy dependent.(c) It only occurs in eukaryotes.(d) A larger cell engulfs a smaller cell that will eventually bepresent in an internal vacuole.(e) It requires fusion of internal lysosomes to engulfed vac-uole for contents to be digestedarrow_forwardFtsZ proteins direct the formation of a ________ that will eventually form the new cell walls of the daughter cells. a. contractile ring b. cell plate c. cytoskeleton d. septumarrow_forwardH__arrow_forward
- Vesicles forming at the plasma membrane, or at the trans face of the Golgi, and destined only to fuse with endosomes and lysosomes, are generally not associated with which of the following proteins? dynamin proteins cargo receptor proteins clathrin proteins collagen proteins adaptin proteinsarrow_forwardA vesicle that is created by the cell "eating" a large molecule from outside the cell is called a O endosome peroxisome phagosome lysosomearrow_forwardRibosomes in the cytoplasm capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme for the lysosome. a) Explain what happens from the time the enzyme begins to form in the cytoplasm until it ends up in the lysosome and also explains how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome?arrow_forward
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