List and describe the three main types of cytoskeleton. If you wanted to do immunocytochemistry to specifically stain each type of cytoskeleton, what is a protein that could be used for each cytoskeletal type (in other words, what is a unique protein for each cytoskeletal type)? What are three types of actin structures? Describe the involvement of actin structures in cell migration. How is the growth and shrinking of microtubules regulated? Then describe the roles of microtubules in: chromosomal separation during mitosis and the movement of organelles and vesicles within a cell. Describe a possible mechanism on how signaling pathways might impact the cytoskeleton, so that cell migration could be regulated in a localized manner within a multicellular organism. (hint: think about the possible transcriptional regulation of the G-protein regulators) What are 2 main challenges of protein targeting? Then describe one way these challenges are overcome during signal-based targeting and one way they are overcome during vesicle-based targeting. Describe in detail the pathway in which a protein gets localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Start with the export of an mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Describe the different components of the endomembrane system and the pathway a protein that is synthesized in the ER would take in order to be secreted. Then, describe what would be different if it was a protein that was going to end up as a transmembrane protein. In vesicle based signaling, how is the regulated secretory pathway implicated in synaptic signaling? Then, apply this information to describe in detail the pathway in which a neurotransmitter is received at the dendrites of one neuron and ultimately leads to the release of new transmitters that activate a second neuron. Describe the pathway of olfaction from the reception of an odorant molecule by the nose to the activation of the cortex. Then, use specific findings from Mashukova et al to describe a mechanism of desensitization. What was the main finding in the paper by Mashukova et al.? How did the paper link the cell signaling pathways to the protein targeting pathways?
List and describe the three main types of cytoskeleton. If you wanted to do immunocytochemistry to specifically stain each type of cytoskeleton, what is a protein that could be used for each cytoskeletal type (in other words, what is a unique protein for each cytoskeletal type)?
What are three types of actin structures? Describe the involvement of actin structures in cell migration.
How is the growth and shrinking of microtubules regulated? Then describe the roles of microtubules in: chromosomal separation during mitosis and the movement of organelles and vesicles within a cell.
Describe a possible mechanism on how signaling pathways might impact the cytoskeleton, so that cell migration could be regulated in a localized manner within a multicellular organism. (hint: think about the possible transcriptional regulation of the G-protein regulators)
What are 2 main challenges of protein targeting? Then describe one way these challenges are overcome during signal-based targeting and one way they are overcome during vesicle-based targeting.
Describe in detail the pathway in which a protein gets localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Start with the export of an mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Describe the different components of the endomembrane system and the pathway a protein that is synthesized in the ER would take in order to be secreted. Then, describe what would be different if it was a protein that was going to end up as a transmembrane protein.
In vesicle based signaling, how is the regulated secretory pathway implicated in synaptic signaling? Then, apply this information to describe in detail the pathway in which a neurotransmitter is received at the dendrites of one neuron and ultimately leads to the release of new transmitters that activate a second neuron.
Describe the pathway of olfaction from the reception of an odorant molecule by the nose to the activation of the cortex. Then, use specific findings from Mashukova et al to describe a mechanism of desensitization.
What was the main finding in the paper by Mashukova et al.? How did the paper link the cell signaling pathways to the protein targeting pathways?
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