(a) Interpretation: The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated. Concept introduction: Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

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5) Consider the reaction: Cl2 (g) + F2 (g) ⟷ 2 ClF (g) KP=? The partial pressure of 203 kPa for Cl2 and a partial pressure of 405 kPa for F2. Upon reaching equilibrium, thepartial pressure of ClF is 180 kPa. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations and then find the value for KP.

Don't used hand raiting and don't used Ai solution

(9 Pts) In one of the two Rare Earth element rows of the periodic table, identify an exception tothe general ionization energy (IE) trend. For the two elements involved, answer the followingquestions. Be sure to cite sources for all physical data that you use.a. (2 pts) Identify the two elements and write their electronic configurations.b. (2 pts) Based on their configurations, propose a reason for the IE trend exception.c. (5 pts) Calculate effective nuclear charges for the last electron in each element and theAllred-Rochow electronegativity values for the two elements. Can any of these valuesexplain the IE trend exception? Explain how (not) – include a description of how IErelates to electronegativity.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.9E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The minimum number of electrons that would have to be added and the minimum number that would have to be removed to change the electronic configuration of the given element to get a noble gas configuration are to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Every element wants to attain an electronic configuration same as noble gas configuration, to do so elements either gain electrons or lose electrons. When an atomof element gains electrons, it forms an anion. When an atom of element loses electrons, it forms a cation.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 4 - Refer to the group numbers of the periodic table...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2E Ch. 4 - Write abbreviated electronic configurations for...Ch. 4 - Write abbreviated electronic configurations for...Ch. 4 - Draw Lewis structure for the elements given in...Ch. 4 - Draw Lewis structures for the elements given in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7E Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.8E Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.9E Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.10E

Solution Summary: The author explains that every element wants to attain an electronic configuration similar to noble gas configuration.

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Chapter 4 Solutions