Chemistry For Today: General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Loose-leaf Version
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305968707
Author: Spencer L. Seager
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4.95E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The explanation for the formation of
Concept introduction:
Natural gas is a nonrenewable fuel that is obtained either from the waste of the living organism or from the dead organisms. When natural gases are burned in the presence of oxygen, a huge amount of energy is produced. Burning of natural gases is not environmental friendly as it produces lots of greenhouse gases.
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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the
product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15%
glycerin by weight.
If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate;
e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt).
f. Moles of CO2 evolved.
g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed.
h. Conversion efficiency.
i. Per cent excess of excess reactant.
Reactions:
Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6
Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3
Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?
13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the
molecule depicted below.
Bond B
2°C. +2°C. cleavage
Bond A
•CH3 + 26.← Cleavage
2°C. +
Bond C
+3°C•
CH3 2C
Cleavage
E
2°C. 26.
weakest bond
Intact molecule
Strongest 3°C 20.
Gund
Largest
argest
a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in
appropriate boxes.
C
Weakest
bond
A
Produces
Most
Bond
Strongest
Bond
Strongest Gund
produces least stable
radicals
Weakest
Stable radical
b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A,
B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B,
and C are all carbon radicals.
i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
13°C. formed in
bound C
cleavage
ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
• CH3
methyl radical
Formed in Gund A Cleavage
c.…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry For Today: General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Loose-leaf Version
Ch. 4 - Refer to the group numbers of the periodic table...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.2ECh. 4 - Write abbreviated electronic configurations for...Ch. 4 - Write abbreviated electronic configurations for...Ch. 4 - Draw Lewis structure for the elements given in...Ch. 4 - Draw Lewis structures for the elements given in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.8ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.9ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.10E
Ch. 4 - Use the periodic table and predict the number of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.12ECh. 4 - Write a symbol for each of the following ions: a.A...Ch. 4 - Write a symbol for each of the following ions: a.A...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.15ECh. 4 - Identify the element in period 3 that would form...Ch. 4 - Identify the noble gas that is isoelectronic with...Ch. 4 - Identify the noble gas that is isoelectronic with...Ch. 4 - Write equations to represent positive and negative...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.20ECh. 4 - Write the formula for the ionic compound formed...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.22ECh. 4 - Classify each of the following as a binary...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.24ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.25ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.26ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.27ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.28ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.29ECh. 4 - Name the following binary ionic compounds: a. SrS...Ch. 4 - Name the following binary ionic compounds, using a...Ch. 4 - Name the following binary ionic compounds, using a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.33ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.34ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.35ECh. 4 - Write formulas for the following binary ionic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.37ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.38ECh. 4 - Identify the ions that would occupy lattice sites...Ch. 4 - Identify the ions that would occupy lattice sites...Ch. 4 - Calculate the mass in grams of positive ions and...Ch. 4 - Calculate the mass in grams of positive ions and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.43ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.44ECh. 4 - Represent the following reaction using Lewis...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.46ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.47ECh. 4 - Represent the following molecules by Lewis...Ch. 4 - Draw Lewis structures for the following polyatomic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.50ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.51ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.52ECh. 4 - Predict the shape of each of the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.55ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.56ECh. 4 - Use the periodic table and Table 4.4 to determine...Ch. 4 - Use Table 4.4 and classify the bonds in the...Ch. 4 - Use Table 4.4 and classify the bonds in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.60ECh. 4 - On the basis of the charge distributions you drew...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.62ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.63ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.64ECh. 4 - Show the charge distribution in the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.66ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.67ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.68ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.69ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.70ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.71ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.72ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.73ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.74ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.75ECh. 4 - The covalent compounds ethyl alcohol and dimethyl...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.77ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.78ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.79ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.80ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.81ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.82ECh. 4 - Suppose an element from group II(A)(2) and period...Ch. 4 - What would be the mass in grams of 0.200moles of...Ch. 4 - The ampere unit is used to describe the flow of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.86ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.87ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.88ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.89ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.90ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.91ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.92ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.93ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.94ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.95ECh. 4 - Noble gases: a.have low boiling points. b.are all...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.97ECh. 4 - Name the type of bond that is formed when...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.99ECh. 4 - A atom becomes an ion that possesses a negative...Ch. 4 - When calcium reacts with chlorine to form calcium...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.102ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.103ECh. 4 - Which molecule below has a nonpolar bond in which...Ch. 4 - What is the correct formula for bismuth (III)...Ch. 4 - Which of the following species will combine with a...Ch. 4 - What type of bond is created when bromine and...Ch. 4 - The parts of an atom directly involved in ionic...Ch. 4 - In forming an ionic bond with an atom of chlorine,...Ch. 4 - In bonding, what would happen between the...Ch. 4 - Which compound contains a bond with no ionic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.112ECh. 4 - Which molecule is nonpolar and contains a nonpolar...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is a nonpolar covalent...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.115ECh. 4 - Prob. 4.116E
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