A cation and an anion that are isoelectronic differ in size has to be explained. Concept Introduction: Isoelectronic species: two ions or an atom and an ion have same electronic structure and same number of valence electrons. This means same electronic configuration but differ in nuclear charge. An anion is formed when an electron is added to the valence shell of an atom. The anion has a net negative charge in it. In anion the extra electron added occupies more space and maximizes the shielding. A cation is formed when an electron is lost by an atom from its valence shell. The cation has a net positive charge. In cation the shielding decreases as the electron is removed from the valence shell. The reduction in the effective nuclear charge on the electron cloud, due to a difference in the attraction forces of the electrons in the nucleus is known as shielding effect. To Explain: Why the size anion is larger than cation even though they both are isoelectronic.

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Chapter 4, Problem 4.87QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A cation and an anion that are isoelectronic differ in size has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Isoelectronic species: two ions or an atom and an ion have same electronic structure and same number of valence electrons. This means same electronic configuration but differ in nuclear charge.

An anion is formed when an electron is added to the valence shell of an atom. The anion has a net negative charge in it. In anion the extra electron added occupies more space and maximizes the shielding.

A cation is formed when an electron is lost by an atom from its valence shell. The cation has a net positive charge. In cation the shielding decreases as the electron is removed from the valence shell.

The reduction in the effective nuclear charge on the electron cloud, due to a difference in the attraction forces of the electrons in the nucleus is known as shielding effect.

To Explain: Why the size anion is larger than cation even though they both are isoelectronic.

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