Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: When two ions with opposite charge is separated by a distance “d”, the effect of force between the ions when the given changes happens has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Coulomb’s law states about the force between the two charges. In chemistry, Coulomb’s law states that the force exhibited between two charges is directly proportional to the product of two charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance between the two charges. In form of equation it can be depicted as,
Where
To explain: what happens to force when both charges are doubled
(b)
Interpretation: When two ions with opposite charge is separated by a distance “d”, the effect of force between the ions when the given changes happens has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Coulomb’s law states about the force between the two charges. In chemistry, Coulomb’s law states that the force exhibited between two charges is directly proportional to the product of two charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance between the two charges. In form of equation it can be depicted as,
Where
To explain: what happens to force when positive charge is doubled and negative charge is tripled.
(c)
Interpretation: When two ions with opposite charge is separated by a distance “d”, the effect of force between the ions when the given changes happens has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Coulomb’s law states about the force between the two charges. In chemistry, Coulomb’s law states that the force exhibited between two charges is directly proportional to the product of two charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance between the two charges. In form of equation it can be depicted as,
Where
To explain: what happens to force when negative charge and distance are doubled.
(d)
Interpretation: When two ions with opposite charge is separated by a distance “d”, the effect of force between the ions when the given changes happens has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Coulomb’s law states about the force between the two charges. In chemistry, Coulomb’s law states that the force exhibited between two charges is directly proportional to the product of two charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance between the two charges. In form of equation it can be depicted as,
Where
To explain: what happens to force when positive charge is doubled distance is halved.
(e)
Interpretation: When two ions with opposite charge is separated by a distance “d”, the effect of force between the ions when the given changes happens has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Coulomb’s law states about the force between the two charges. In chemistry, Coulomb’s law states that the force exhibited between two charges is directly proportional to the product of two charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance between the two charges. In form of equation it can be depicted as,
Where
To explain: what happens to force when charges and distance are halved.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
CHEMISTRY: ATOMS FIRST VOL 1 W/CONNECT
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- What does the phrase 'fit for purpose' mean in relation to analytical chemistry? Please provide examples too.arrow_forwardFor each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density × NO2 ○ donating O donating O withdrawing O withdrawing O electron-rich electron-deficient no inductive effects O no resonance effects O similar to benzene E [ CI O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Explanation Check ○ donating withdrawing no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Accesarrow_forwardUnderstanding how substituents activate Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation HN NH2 Check X (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Aarrow_forward
- Identifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects on benzene For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density Molecule CF3 O donating O donating O withdrawing O withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene CH3 O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects O donating O withdrawing Ono resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Explanation Check Х © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forward* Hint: Think back to Chem 1 solubility rules. Follow Up Questions for Part B 12. What impact do the following disturbances to a system at equilibrium have on k, the rate constant for the forward reaction? Explain. (4 pts) a) Changing the concentration of a reactant or product. (2 pts) b) Changing the temperature of an exothermic reaction. (2 pts) ofarrow_forwardDraw TWO general chemical equation to prepare Symmetrical and non-Symmetrical ethers Draw 1 chemical reaction of an etherarrow_forward
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