Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.79PAE
4.85 In the cold vulcanization of rubber, disulfur dichloride (S2Cl2) is used as a source of sulfur atoms, and those sulfur atoms form “bridges,” or
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 4 - Describe the chemical composition of gasoline.Ch. 4 - Write balanced chemical equations for the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3COCh. 4 - Calculate the amounts of reactants needed in a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5COCh. 4 - Prob. 6COCh. 4 - Prob. 7COCh. 4 - 4.1 List at least two factors that make it...Ch. 4 - 4.2 What is an alkane?Ch. 4 - 4.3 Explain the difference between complete and...
Ch. 4 - 4.4 Automobile exhaust often contains traces of...Ch. 4 - 4.5 Methane, ethane, and propane are also...Ch. 4 - 4.6 Use the web to research prices of gasoline at...Ch. 4 - For the following reactions, write the ratios that...Ch. 4 - 4.8 In an experiment carried out at very low...Ch. 4 - 4.9 Sulfur, S8, combines with oxygen at elevated...Ch. 4 - 4.10 How many moles of oxygen can be obtained by...Ch. 4 - 4.11 MTBE, C5H12O, is one of the additives that...Ch. 4 - 4.12 In petroleum refining, hydrocarbons are often...Ch. 4 - 4.13 For the following reactions, determine the...Ch. 4 - 4.14 The combustion of liquid chloroethylene,...Ch. 4 - 4.15 What mass of the unknown compound is formed...Ch. 4 - 4.16 Many metals react with halogens to give metal...Ch. 4 - 4.17 Phosgene is a highly toxic gas that has been...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.18PAECh. 4 - 4.19 How many metric tons of carbon are required...Ch. 4 - 4.20 Assuming a charcoal briquette is composed...Ch. 4 - 4.21 Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, will decompose...Ch. 4 - If 3.4 mol Al and 6.2 mol Fe2O3 are mixed, what is...Ch. 4 - If 8.4 moles of disilane, Si2H6, is combined with...Ch. 4 - 4.22 Generally, an excess of O2 is needed for the...Ch. 4 - 4.23 In the reaction of arsenic with bromine,...Ch. 4 - 4.24 Ammonia gas can be prepared by the reaction...Ch. 4 - 4.25 When octane is combusted with inadequate...Ch. 4 - 4.26 The equation for one of the reactions in the...Ch. 4 - 4.27 Copper reacts with sulfuric acid according to...Ch. 4 - 4.28 One of the steps in the manufacture of nitric...Ch. 4 - 4.29 When Al(OH)3 reacts with sulfuric acid, the...Ch. 4 - 4.30 Copper reacts with nitric acid via the...Ch. 4 - 4.31 How much HNO3 can be formed in the following...Ch. 4 - 4.32 Hydrogen and oxygen are reacted and the water...Ch. 4 - 4.33 Silicon carbide, an abrasive, is made by the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.36PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.37PAECh. 4 - 4.36 Sometimes students in chemistry labs...Ch. 4 - 4.37 The theoretical yield and the actual yield...Ch. 4 - 4.38 A reaction that produced 4.8 mg of taxol, an...Ch. 4 - Methanol, CH3OH, is used in racing cars because it...Ch. 4 - 4.40 When iron and steam react at high...Ch. 4 - 4.41 The percentage yield of the following...Ch. 4 - 4.42 Sulfur hexafluoride is a very stable gas...Ch. 4 - 4.43 Magnesium nitride forms in a side reaction...Ch. 4 - 4.44 Industrial production of hydrogen gas uses...Ch. 4 - 4.45 If 21 g of H2S is mixed with 38 g of O2 and...Ch. 4 - 4.46 A mixture of 10.0 g of NO and 14.0 g of NO2...Ch. 4 - 4.47 Silicon carbide is, an abrasive used in the...Ch. 4 - 4.48 Elemental phosphorous is used in the...Ch. 4 - 4.49 Small quantities of hydrogen gas can be...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.52PAECh. 4 - 4.51 What is the role of an indicator in a...Ch. 4 - 4.52 What volume of 0.812 M HCl, in milliliters,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.55PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.56PAECh. 4 - Hydrazine, N2H4, is a weak base and can react with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.58PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.59PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.60PAECh. 4 - 4.59 Aluminum dissolves in HCI according to the...Ch. 4 - 4.60 Why are fuel additives used?Ch. 4 - 4.61 What is actually measured by the octane...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.64PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.65PAECh. 4 - 4.64 Using the web, find information about the...Ch. 4 - 4.65 Using the web, find out how lead “poisons”...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.68PAECh. 4 - You have 0.954 g of an unknown acid, H2A, which...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.70PAECh. 4 - 4.79 Phosphoric add (H3PO4) is important in the...Ch. 4 - 4.80 The reaction shown below is used to destroy...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.73PAECh. 4 - One way of determining blood alcohol levels is by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.75PAECh. 4 - The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of...Ch. 4 - The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of...Ch. 4 - 4.84 Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is used as a...Ch. 4 - 4.85 In the cold vulcanization of rubber, disulfur...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.80PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.81PAECh. 4 - 4.88 A quality control technician needs to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.83PAECh. 4 - 4.90 Iron metal can be refined (rom the mineral...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.85PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.86PAECh. 4 - 4.93 A mixture of methane (CH4) and propane (C3H8)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.89PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.90PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.91PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.92PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.93PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.94PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.95PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.96PAECh. 4 - Prob. 4.97PAECh. 4 - 4.104 When 2.750 g of the oxide Pb3O4 is heated to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.99PAECh. 4 - 4.106 An ore sample with a mass of 670 kg contains...Ch. 4 - 4.107 Existing stockpiles of the refrigerant...Ch. 4 - 4.108 Elemental analysis is sometimes carried out...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.103PAECh. 4 - 4.110 Write the balanced chemical equation lot the...Ch. 4 - 4.111 Aluminum metal reacts with sulfuric acid to...Ch. 4 - 4.112 A metallurgical firm wishes to dispose of...
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- 4.69 The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of a chemical reaction between H2 and CO to produce methanol, CH3OH. The box on the left represents the reactants at the instant of mixing, and the box on the right shows what is left once the reaction has gone to completion. Was there a limiting reactant in this reaction? If so, what was it? Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. As usual, your equation should use the smallest possible whole number coefficients for all substances.arrow_forwardA titanium ore contains rutile (TiO2) plus some iron oxide and silica. When it is heated with carbon in the presence of chlorine, titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4, is formed. TiO2(s)+C(s)+2Cl2(g)TiCl4(g)+CO2(g) Titanium tetrachloride, a liquid, can be distilled from the mixture. If 35.4 g of titanium tetrachloride is recovered from 18.1 g of crude ore, what is the mass percentage of TiO2 in the ore (assuming all TiO2 reacts)?arrow_forwardMany cereals are made with high moisture content so that the cereal can be formed into various shapes before it is dried. A cereal product containing 58% H2O by mass is produced at the rate of 1000. kg/h. What mass of water must be evaporated per hour if the final product contains only 20.% water?arrow_forward
- Many cereals are made with high moisture content so that the cereal can be formed into various shapes before it is dried. A cereal product containing 58% H2O by mass is produced at the rate of 1000. kg/h. What mass of water must be evaporated per hour if the final product contains only 20.% water?arrow_forwardBacterial digestion is an economical method of sewage treatment. The reaction is an intermediate step in the conversion of the nitrogen in organic compounds into nitrate ions. What mass of bacterial tissue is produced in a treatment plant for every 1.0 104 kg of wastewater containing 3.0% NH4+ ions by mass? Assume that 95% of the ammonium ions are consumed by the bacteria.arrow_forwardUrea is used as a fertilizer because it can react with water to release ammonia, which provides nitrogen to plants. (NH2)2CO(s) + H2O() 2 NH3(aq) + CO2(g) (a) When 300. g urea and 100. g water are combined, calculate the mass of ammonia and the mass of carbon dioxide that form. (b) Calculate the mass of the excess reactant that remains after reaction.arrow_forward
- 4.68 The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of a chemical reaction between the compounds AB2 and B2. (Green balls represent B atoms and orange balls are A atoms). The box on the left represents the reactants at the instant of mixing, and the box on the right shows what is left once the reaction has gone to completion. Was there a limiting reactant in this reaction? If so, what was it? Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. As usual, your equation should use the smallest possible whole number coefficients for all substances.arrow_forward3.105 Nitric acid is often sold and transported as a concentrated 16 M aqueous solution. How many gallons of such a solution would be needed to contain the roughly 2.1109 pounds of HNO3 produced annually in the United States?arrow_forward3.100 Some aluminum—lithium alloys display the property of superplasticity, meaning they can undergo tensile deformation by large amounts (1000 times or more) without breaking. If such an alloy has 4 wt% Li, what is its composition in mol%? Explain the relative magnitudes of the mole percentage and weight percentage based on the molar masses of aluminum and lithium.arrow_forward
- Calcium carbonate forms carbon dioxide and calcium oxide when it is heated above 900 °C in a limekiln. When heated to 1000 °C in a laboratory, 4.31 g calcium carbonate produces 2.40 g calcium oxide and 1.90 g carbon dioxide. Outline a method similar to combustion analysis by which you could determine the empirical formula for calcium carbonate from these data. Carry out the determination.arrow_forward4.108 Elemental analysis is sometimes carried out by combustion of the sample. For a hydrocarbon, the only products formed are CO2 and H2O. If a 1.36-g sample of an unknown hydrocarbon is burned and 2.21 g of H2O is produced along with 4.07 g of CO2, what is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?arrow_forward4.8 In an experiment carried out at very low pressure, 13x1015 molecules of H2 are reacted with acetylene, C2H2, to form ethane, C2H6, on the surface of a catalyst. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. How many molecules of acetylene are consumed?arrow_forward
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