Chapter 4, Problem 4.45EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following pairs of atoms/ions are isoelectronic or not has to be determined - ${\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}\text{and Ar}$.

Concept Introduction:

Isoelectronic species:

Ions or atoms that have the same number of electrons are called isoelectronic species.

Example; Neon, ${\text{O}}^{\text{2-}}{\text{,F}}^{\text{-}}{\text{,Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{,Mg}}^{\text{+}}{\text{.Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ all have same configuration i.e., ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}$ are isoelectronic.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following pairs of atoms/ions are isoelectronic or not has to be determined -${\text{Mg}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{and F}}^{\text{-}}$.

Concept Introduction:

Isoelectronic species:

Ions or atoms that have the same number of electrons are called isoelectronic species.

Example; Neon, ${\text{O}}^{\text{2-}}{\text{,F}}^{\text{-}}{\text{,Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{,Mg}}^{\text{+}}{\text{.Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ all have same configuration i.e., ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}$ are isoelectronic.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following pairs of atoms/ions are isoelectronic or not has to be determined -$\text{Ar and Kr}$.

Concept Introduction:

Isoelectronic species:

Ions or atoms that have the same number of electrons are called isoelectronic species.

Example; Neon, ${\text{O}}^{\text{2-}}{\text{,F}}^{\text{-}}{\text{,Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{,Mg}}^{\text{+}}{\text{.Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ all have same configuration i.e., ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}$ are isoelectronic.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following pairs of atoms /ions are isoelectronic or not has to be determined -${\text{O}}^{\text{2-}}{\text{ and N}}^{\text{3-}}$.

Concept Introduction:

Isoelectronic species:

Ions or atoms that have the same number of electrons are called isoelectronic species.

Example; Neon, ${\text{O}}^{\text{2-}}{\text{,F}}^{\text{-}}{\text{,Na}}^{\text{+}}{\text{,Mg}}^{\text{+}}{\text{.Al}}^{\text{3+}}$ all have same configuration i.e., ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}$ are isoelectronic.