The percentage of seeds that are expected to grow if the two genes are unlinked. Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur when an antibiotic fails to kill the bacteria. The bacteria become resistant to that particular drug. As the bacteria become resistant, the illness becomes more severe, and the risk of complications and death increases.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 42P

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of seeds that are expected to grow if the two genes are unlinked.

Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur when an antibiotic fails to kill the bacteria. The bacteria become resistant to that particular drug. As the bacteria become resistant, the illness becomes more severe, and the risk of complications and death increases.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The presence of linkage if only 13% of the seeds grew in the medium and the map units between loci.

Introduction: Drug resistance can be described as the reduction in the effectiveness of a certain drug in ceasing the growth or killing the organism (pathogen), which was once successful in doing so. When a pathogen develops the ability to resist more than one drug, it is called “multi-drug resistance.”

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The proportion of the seeds that will grow on medium containing hygromycin and herbicide if the F1 progeny is test crossed.

Introduction: Horizontal gene transfer can be defined as the exchange of genetic contents between the unicellular and multi-cellular organisms that do not include the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. This process is responsible for evolution by mixing the genetic material of two species.

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Amino Acid Coclow TABle 3' Gly Phe Leu (G) (F) (L) 3- Val (V) Arg (R) Ser (S) Ala (A) Lys (K) CAG G Glu Asp (E) (D) Ser (S) CCCAGUCAGUCAGUCAG 0204 C U A G C Asn (N) G 4 A AGU C GU (5) AC C UGA A G5 C CUGACUGACUGACUGAC Thr (T) Met (M) lle £€ (1) U 4 G Tyr Σε (Y) U Cys (C) C A G Trp (W) 3' U C A Leu בוט His Pro (P) ££ (H) Gin (Q) Arg 흐름 (R) (L) Start Stop 8. Transcription and Translation Practice: (Video 10-1 and 10-2) A. Below is the sense strand of a DNA gene. Using the sense strand, create the antisense DNA strand and label the 5' and 3' ends. B. Use the antisense strand that you create in part A as a template to create the mRNA transcript of the gene and label the 5' and 3' ends. C. Translate the mRNA you produced in part B into the polypeptide sequence making sure to follow all the rules of translation. 5'-AGCATGACTAATAGTTGTTGAGCTGTC-3' (sense strand) 4

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 42P

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of seeds that are expected to grow if the two genes are unlinked.

Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur when an antibiotic fails to kill the bacteria. The bacteria become resistant to that particular drug. As the bacteria become resistant, the illness becomes more severe, and the risk of complications and death increases.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The presence of linkage if only 13% of the seeds grew in the medium and the map units between loci.

Introduction: Drug resistance can be described as the reduction in the effectiveness of a certain drug in ceasing the growth or killing the organism (pathogen), which was once successful in doing so. When a pathogen develops the ability to resist more than one drug, it is called “multi-drug resistance.”

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The proportion of the seeds that will grow on medium containing hygromycin and herbicide if the F1 progeny is test crossed.

Introduction: Horizontal gene transfer can be defined as the exchange of genetic contents between the unicellular and multi-cellular organisms that do not include the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. This process is responsible for evolution by mixing the genetic material of two species.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 42P

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of seeds that are expected to grow if the two genes are unlinked.

Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur when an antibiotic fails to kill the bacteria. The bacteria become resistant to that particular drug. As the bacteria become resistant, the illness becomes more severe, and the risk of complications and death increases.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The presence of linkage if only 13% of the seeds grew in the medium and the map units between loci.

Introduction: Drug resistance can be described as the reduction in the effectiveness of a certain drug in ceasing the growth or killing the organism (pathogen), which was once successful in doing so. When a pathogen develops the ability to resist more than one drug, it is called “multi-drug resistance.”

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The proportion of the seeds that will grow on medium containing hygromycin and herbicide if the F1 progeny is test crossed.

Introduction: Horizontal gene transfer can be defined as the exchange of genetic contents between the unicellular and multi-cellular organisms that do not include the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. This process is responsible for evolution by mixing the genetic material of two species.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 42P

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of seeds that are expected to grow if the two genes are unlinked.

Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur when an antibiotic fails to kill the bacteria. The bacteria become resistant to that particular drug. As the bacteria become resistant, the illness becomes more severe, and the risk of complications and death increases.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The presence of linkage if only 13% of the seeds grew in the medium and the map units between loci.

Introduction: Drug resistance can be described as the reduction in the effectiveness of a certain drug in ceasing the growth or killing the organism (pathogen), which was once successful in doing so. When a pathogen develops the ability to resist more than one drug, it is called “multi-drug resistance.”

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The proportion of the seeds that will grow on medium containing hygromycin and herbicide if the F1 progeny is test crossed.

Introduction: Horizontal gene transfer can be defined as the exchange of genetic contents between the unicellular and multi-cellular organisms that do not include the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. This process is responsible for evolution by mixing the genetic material of two species.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 42P

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of seeds that are expected to grow if the two genes are unlinked.

Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur when an antibiotic fails to kill the bacteria. The bacteria become resistant to that particular drug. As the bacteria become resistant, the illness becomes more severe, and the risk of complications and death increases.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The presence of linkage if only 13% of the seeds grew in the medium and the map units between loci.

Introduction: Drug resistance can be described as the reduction in the effectiveness of a certain drug in ceasing the growth or killing the organism (pathogen), which was once successful in doing so. When a pathogen develops the ability to resist more than one drug, it is called “multi-drug resistance.”

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The proportion of the seeds that will grow on medium containing hygromycin and herbicide if the F1 progeny is test crossed.

Introduction: Horizontal gene transfer can be defined as the exchange of genetic contents between the unicellular and multi-cellular organisms that do not include the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. This process is responsible for evolution by mixing the genetic material of two species.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 42P

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of seeds that are expected to grow if the two genes are unlinked.

Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur when an antibiotic fails to kill the bacteria. The bacteria become resistant to that particular drug. As the bacteria become resistant, the illness becomes more severe, and the risk of complications and death increases.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 42P

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The percentage of seeds that are expected to grow if the two genes are unlinked.

Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria occur when an antibiotic fails to kill the bacteria. The bacteria become resistant to that particular drug. As the bacteria become resistant, the illness becomes more severe, and the risk of complications and death increases.

Answer 8

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The presence of linkage if only 13% of the seeds grew in the medium and the map units between loci.

Introduction: Drug resistance can be described as the reduction in the effectiveness of a certain drug in ceasing the growth or killing the organism (pathogen), which was once successful in doing so. When a pathogen develops the ability to resist more than one drug, it is called “multi-drug resistance.”

Answer 9

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The presence of linkage if only 13% of the seeds grew in the medium and the map units between loci.

Introduction: Drug resistance can be described as the reduction in the effectiveness of a certain drug in ceasing the growth or killing the organism (pathogen), which was once successful in doing so. When a pathogen develops the ability to resist more than one drug, it is called “multi-drug resistance.”

Answer 10

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The proportion of the seeds that will grow on medium containing hygromycin and herbicide if the F1 progeny is test crossed.

Introduction: Horizontal gene transfer can be defined as the exchange of genetic contents between the unicellular and multi-cellular organisms that do not include the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. This process is responsible for evolution by mixing the genetic material of two species.

Answer 11

c.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The proportion of the seeds that will grow on medium containing hygromycin and herbicide if the F1 progeny is test crossed.

Introduction: Horizontal gene transfer can be defined as the exchange of genetic contents between the unicellular and multi-cellular organisms that do not include the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. This process is responsible for evolution by mixing the genetic material of two species.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 4 - Prob. 1P Ch. 4 - Prob. 2P Ch. 4 - Prob. 3P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4P Ch. 4 - Prob. 5P Ch. 4 - Prob. 6P Ch. 4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 4 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that antibiotic-resistant bacteria become resistant to a particular drug, resulting in complications and death. The map distance between the two possible linked genes is 0.13 map units.

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