The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined. Concept introduction: Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.29UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The positions of all multiple bonds in the given structure of thalidomide are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The valence electrons of Carbon are 4 electrons (requires 4 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Hydrogen are 1 electron.

The valence electrons of Nitrogen are 5 electrons (requires 3 electrons to achieve octet).

The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry around the each carbon atoms and nitrogen atom of the thalidomide are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular geometry can be predicted from the structure by using the valence-shell Electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model.

-Count the number of valence electron pairs (bond pairs and lone pairs).

-Assume that the valence electron pairs form a structure that allows them to be as far away from each other as possible.

-If there are only two bond pair electrons, the molecule is linear.

-If there are three bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped like a trigonal planar.

-If there are four bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped as a regular tetrahedral.

- Repulsion between lone pair-bond pair of electrons effect the geometry of molecules.

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Fura-2 Fluorescence (Arbitrary Unit) 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 [Ca2+]=2970nM, 25°C [Ca2+] 2970nM, 4°C [Ca2+]=0.9nM, 25°C [Ca2+] = 0.9nM, 4°C 0 260 280 300 340 360 380 400 420 440 Wavelength (nm) ← < The figure on the LHS shows the excitation spectra of Fura-2 (Em = 510 nm) in 2 solutions with two different Ca2+ ion concentration as indicated. Except for temperature, the setting for excitation & signal acquisition was identical.< ப a) The unit in Y-axis is arbitrary (unspecified). Why? < < b) Compare & contrast the excitation wavelength of the Isosbestic Point of Fura-2 at 25 °C & 4 °C. Give a possible reason for the discrepancy. < c) The fluorescence intensity at 25 °C & 4 °C are different. Explain why with the concept of electronic configuration. <

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.29UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The positions of all multiple bonds in the given structure of thalidomide are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The valence electrons of Carbon are 4 electrons (requires 4 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Hydrogen are 1 electron.

The valence electrons of Nitrogen are 5 electrons (requires 3 electrons to achieve octet).

The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry around the each carbon atoms and nitrogen atom of the thalidomide are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular geometry can be predicted from the structure by using the valence-shell Electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model.

-Count the number of valence electron pairs (bond pairs and lone pairs).

-Assume that the valence electron pairs form a structure that allows them to be as far away from each other as possible.

-If there are only two bond pair electrons, the molecule is linear.

-If there are three bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped like a trigonal planar.

-If there are four bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped as a regular tetrahedral.

- Repulsion between lone pair-bond pair of electrons effect the geometry of molecules.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.29UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The positions of all multiple bonds in the given structure of thalidomide are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The valence electrons of Carbon are 4 electrons (requires 4 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Hydrogen are 1 electron.

The valence electrons of Nitrogen are 5 electrons (requires 3 electrons to achieve octet).

The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry around the each carbon atoms and nitrogen atom of the thalidomide are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular geometry can be predicted from the structure by using the valence-shell Electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model.

-Count the number of valence electron pairs (bond pairs and lone pairs).

-Assume that the valence electron pairs form a structure that allows them to be as far away from each other as possible.

-If there are only two bond pair electrons, the molecule is linear.

-If there are three bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped like a trigonal planar.

-If there are four bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped as a regular tetrahedral.

- Repulsion between lone pair-bond pair of electrons effect the geometry of molecules.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.29UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The positions of all multiple bonds in the given structure of thalidomide are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The valence electrons of Carbon are 4 electrons (requires 4 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Hydrogen are 1 electron.

The valence electrons of Nitrogen are 5 electrons (requires 3 electrons to achieve octet).

The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry around the each carbon atoms and nitrogen atom of the thalidomide are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular geometry can be predicted from the structure by using the valence-shell Electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model.

-Count the number of valence electron pairs (bond pairs and lone pairs).

-Assume that the valence electron pairs form a structure that allows them to be as far away from each other as possible.

-If there are only two bond pair electrons, the molecule is linear.

-If there are three bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped like a trigonal planar.

-If there are four bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped as a regular tetrahedral.

- Repulsion between lone pair-bond pair of electrons effect the geometry of molecules.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.29UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The positions of all multiple bonds in the given structure of thalidomide are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The valence electrons of Carbon are 4 electrons (requires 4 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Hydrogen are 1 electron.

The valence electrons of Nitrogen are 5 electrons (requires 3 electrons to achieve octet).

The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry around the each carbon atoms and nitrogen atom of the thalidomide are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular geometry can be predicted from the structure by using the valence-shell Electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model.

-Count the number of valence electron pairs (bond pairs and lone pairs).

-Assume that the valence electron pairs form a structure that allows them to be as far away from each other as possible.

-If there are only two bond pair electrons, the molecule is linear.

-If there are three bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped like a trigonal planar.

-If there are four bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped as a regular tetrahedral.

- Repulsion between lone pair-bond pair of electrons effect the geometry of molecules.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.29UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.29UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The positions of all multiple bonds in the given structure of thalidomide are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The valence electrons of Carbon are 4 electrons (requires 4 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Hydrogen are 1 electron.

The valence electrons of Nitrogen are 5 electrons (requires 3 electrons to achieve octet).

The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The positions of all multiple bonds in the given structure of thalidomide are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

The valence electrons of Carbon are 4 electrons (requires 4 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Oxygen are 6 electrons (requires 2 electrons to achieve octet).

The valence electrons of Hydrogen are 1 electron.

The valence electrons of Nitrogen are 5 electrons (requires 3 electrons to achieve octet).

The sharing of one electron from two atoms constitutes a single bond between the two atoms. The sharing of two electrons from two atoms constitutes a double bond between the two atoms.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry around the each carbon atoms and nitrogen atom of the thalidomide are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular geometry can be predicted from the structure by using the valence-shell Electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model.

-Count the number of valence electron pairs (bond pairs and lone pairs).

-Assume that the valence electron pairs form a structure that allows them to be as far away from each other as possible.

-If there are only two bond pair electrons, the molecule is linear.

-If there are three bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped like a trigonal planar.

-If there are four bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped as a regular tetrahedral.

- Repulsion between lone pair-bond pair of electrons effect the geometry of molecules.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometry around the each carbon atoms and nitrogen atom of the thalidomide are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular geometry can be predicted from the structure by using the valence-shell Electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model.

-Count the number of valence electron pairs (bond pairs and lone pairs).

-Assume that the valence electron pairs form a structure that allows them to be as far away from each other as possible.

-If there are only two bond pair electrons, the molecule is linear.

-If there are three bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped like a trigonal planar.

-If there are four bond pair electrons, the molecule is shaped as a regular tetrahedral.

- Repulsion between lone pair-bond pair of electrons effect the geometry of molecules.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1P Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.2P Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.4P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4.4 - The BF3 molecule can also react with NH3 by...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.7P Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 4.8P Ch. 4.7 - Add lone pairs where appropriate to the following...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 4.10P

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined. Concept introduction: Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the molecular formula of thalidomide indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

Videos

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 4 Solutions

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined. Concept introduction: Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the molecular formula of thalidomide indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

Videos

Interpretation: The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined. Concept introduction: Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 4 Solutions

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of thalidomide is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molecular formula of a compound indicates the numbers of all the elements present in a molecule.