(a) Interpretation: It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system. Concept introduction: The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others. The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Question

Hydrogen (H₂) is considered a clean energy carrier. For its use as a fuel, hydrogen is stored at 5 bar insidea cylindrical tank made of nickel (Ni) with 7 cm inner diameter, 1.2 mm thickness, and the length of L. Thetank is maintained at 358 K. Unfortunately, a small amount of hydrogen diffuses out of the tank, slowlydepleting its contents. You may assume that the hydrogen pressure outside the tank is essentially zero andconvective resistance inside and outside of the cylinder is negligible.• Solubility of H2 in Ni at 358 K = 0.00901 kmol/m3·bar• DH2, Ni at 358 K = 1.2 x 10-12 m2/sCalculate the maximum length of the nickel tank wall to ensure that the hydrogen loss does not exceed0.01 kg per year.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

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Hydrogen (H₂) is considered a clean energy carrier. For its use as a fuel, hydrogen is stored at 5 bar insidea cylindrical tank made of nickel (Ni) with 7 cm inner diameter, 1.2 mm thickness, and the length of L. Thetank is maintained at 358 K. Unfortunately, a small amount of hydrogen diffuses out of the tank, slowlydepleting its contents. You may assume that the hydrogen pressure outside the tank is essentially zero andconvective resistance inside and outside of the cylinder is negligible.• Solubility of H2 in Ni at 358 K = 0.00901 kmol/m3·bar• DH2, Ni at 358 K = 1.2 x 10-12 m2/sCalculate the maximum length of the nickel tank wall to ensure that the hydrogen loss does not exceed0.01 kg per year.

You just took out a cold soda can (at 1 oC) from the refrigerator. Calculate thetemperature of the soda can after the can is placed in a room (at 31 oC, h = 100 W/m2-K) for 60 mins (we all know that soda tastes much better when it is cold!). • k = 0.617 W/m-K, density = 996 kg/m3, Cp = 4178 J/Kg-K• Height = 10 cm & Diameter = 5 cmCalculate the temperature of the soda can surface at the middle point of the heightusing 2-D analysis.

A thick nickel wall is exposed to pure 5 bar H2(g) at 85 oC on one side of its surface (13 pts).(a) Assuming thermodynamic gas-solid equilibrium, calculate the H2 concentration at the surface ofthe nickel wall. (b) Assuming that the concentration of H2 at the surface is constant, determine the concentration ofH2 at the penetration depth in percentage of its concentration at the wall surface

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out sample textbook solution

03:48

Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.10P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

It should be determined that how many independent material balance may be written for this system.

Concept introduction:

The independent material balance is when the stoichiometric equation of anyone of them can not be obtained by adding or subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equation of the others.

The material balances are non independent; if two molecular species are in same ratio to each other wherever they appear and if two atomic species are in same ratio to each other wherever they occur.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Calculate mC.,mE,. and mR. using the given mixture feed rate as a basis and writing balance in an order where never have an equation that involves more than one unknown variable.

Concept introduction:

In order to understand different variables and components of a system, the analysis of degree of freedom can work better. If the degree of freedom is zero then the problem is specified.

The degree of freedom is explained as:

F=m−n−p−s

Where, m is total number of independent stream variables, n is number of independent balances, p is total number of specified terms and s is total number of subsidiary relation.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Calculate the difference between amount of acetic acid in the feed mixture and that in the 0.5% mixture and show that it equals the amount that leaves in the 9.6% mixture.

Concept introduction:

In any system, for any conserved quantity like total mass, mass of particular species, momentum, energy etc. the balance can be expressed as follows:

Input+generation−output−consumption=Accumulation

Where, input is feed that enters through system boundary, generation is the content produced within system, output is the content which leaves the system and consumption is the feed consumed within the system while accumulation is the actual product build up in the system.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Sketch a flow chart of a two-unit process that might be used to recover nearly pure acetic acid from an acetic acid-water mixture.

Concept introduction:

Actually, when a few process information is given and the calculation is to be done on the basis of the information, then in such conditions, flowchart creation is the best way to deal with. It is formed with the help of boxes and arrows to show the process and outline the process units. The arrow lines can show inputs and outputs which help in better understanding of the process.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1P Ch. 4 - Rain is falling on a poorly designed 150-m" flat...Ch. 4 - A liquid-phase chemical reaction A -* B takes...Ch. 4 - A stream consisting of 44.6 mole% benzene and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4 - A liquid mixture of acetone and water contains 35...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.8P Ch. 4 - Inside a distillation column (see Problem 4.8), a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.10P

Chapter 4 Solutions