(a) Interpretation: A flowchart for the given process is to be drawn and labelled. The validation of the given statement that subsystem containing the point where the bypass stream splits off from the evaporator feed has one degree of freedom is to be stated. The degree of freedom analysis for the overall system, the evaporator, bypass-evaporator product and the mixing point is to be predicted. The equations to determine all unknown stream variable are to be shown. The variable in each equation is to be circled. Concept introduction: The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid. In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Question

In the production of ethyl acetate via reactive distillation, the column operates at 5 bar with an equimolar feed (ethanol + acetic acid) at 80°C. The reaction follows: \[CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O \quad (K_{eq} = 4.2 \text{ at } 80°C)\] Given: - NRTL parameters for all binary pairs - Tray efficiency = 65% - Vapor-liquid equilibrium exhibits positive azeotrope formation Calculate the exact minimum reflux ratio required to achieve 98% ethyl acetate purity in the distillate, assuming: 1) The reaction reaches equilibrium on each tray 2) The heavy key component is water

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A flowchart for the given process is to be drawn and labelled. The validation of the given statement that subsystem containing the point where the bypass stream splits off from the evaporator feed has one degree of freedom is to be stated. The degree of freedom analysis for the overall system, the evaporator, bypass-evaporator product and the mixing point is to be predicted. The equations to determine all unknown stream variable are to be shown. The variable in each equation is to be circled.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The amount of product produced per 100 kg fresh juice fed to the process and the fraction of the feed that bypasses the evaporator are to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The possible drawbacks for the given proposal are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

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In the production of ethyl acetate via reactive distillation, the column operates at 5 bar with an equimolar feed (ethanol + acetic acid) at 80°C. The reaction follows: \[CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O \quad (K_{eq} = 4.2 \text{ at } 80°C)\] Given: - NRTL parameters for all binary pairs - Tray efficiency = 65% - Vapor-liquid equilibrium exhibits positive azeotrope formation Calculate the exact minimum reflux ratio required to achieve 98% ethyl acetate purity in the distillate, assuming: 1) The reaction reaches equilibrium on each tray 2) The heavy key component is water

In a multi-stage distillation column designed to separate a binary mixture of ethanol and water, the mass flow rate of the feed entering the column is \( F \), and the distillate product flow rate is \( D \). The reflux ratio \( R \) is defined as the ratio of the liquid returned to the column to the distillate flow rate. For the ideal case, where the column operates at maximum efficiency, determine the **minimum reflux ratio** \( R_{\text{min}} \) when the relative volatility \( \alpha = 1.5 \).

Q2: Draw the layout of a basic asynchronous 32k * 8 SRAM.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A flowchart for the given process is to be drawn and labelled. The validation of the given statement that subsystem containing the point where the bypass stream splits off from the evaporator feed has one degree of freedom is to be stated. The degree of freedom analysis for the overall system, the evaporator, bypass-evaporator product and the mixing point is to be predicted. The equations to determine all unknown stream variable are to be shown. The variable in each equation is to be circled.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The amount of product produced per 100 kg fresh juice fed to the process and the fraction of the feed that bypasses the evaporator are to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The possible drawbacks for the given proposal are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A flowchart for the given process is to be drawn and labelled. The validation of the given statement that subsystem containing the point where the bypass stream splits off from the evaporator feed has one degree of freedom is to be stated. The degree of freedom analysis for the overall system, the evaporator, bypass-evaporator product and the mixing point is to be predicted. The equations to determine all unknown stream variable are to be shown. The variable in each equation is to be circled.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The amount of product produced per 100 kg fresh juice fed to the process and the fraction of the feed that bypasses the evaporator are to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The possible drawbacks for the given proposal are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 4.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A flowchart for the given process is to be drawn and labelled. The validation of the given statement that subsystem containing the point where the bypass stream splits off from the evaporator feed has one degree of freedom is to be stated. The degree of freedom analysis for the overall system, the evaporator, bypass-evaporator product and the mixing point is to be predicted. The equations to determine all unknown stream variable are to be shown. The variable in each equation is to be circled.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The amount of product produced per 100 kg fresh juice fed to the process and the fraction of the feed that bypasses the evaporator are to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The possible drawbacks for the given proposal are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 4.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A flowchart for the given process is to be drawn and labelled. The validation of the given statement that subsystem containing the point where the bypass stream splits off from the evaporator feed has one degree of freedom is to be stated. The degree of freedom analysis for the overall system, the evaporator, bypass-evaporator product and the mixing point is to be predicted. The equations to determine all unknown stream variable are to be shown. The variable in each equation is to be circled.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The amount of product produced per 100 kg fresh juice fed to the process and the fraction of the feed that bypasses the evaporator are to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The possible drawbacks for the given proposal are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 4.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A flowchart for the given process is to be drawn and labelled. The validation of the given statement that subsystem containing the point where the bypass stream splits off from the evaporator feed has one degree of freedom is to be stated. The degree of freedom analysis for the overall system, the evaporator, bypass-evaporator product and the mixing point is to be predicted. The equations to determine all unknown stream variable are to be shown. The variable in each equation is to be circled.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 4.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A flowchart for the given process is to be drawn and labelled. The validation of the given statement that subsystem containing the point where the bypass stream splits off from the evaporator feed has one degree of freedom is to be stated. The degree of freedom analysis for the overall system, the evaporator, bypass-evaporator product and the mixing point is to be predicted. The equations to determine all unknown stream variable are to be shown. The variable in each equation is to be circled.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The amount of product produced per 100 kg fresh juice fed to the process and the fraction of the feed that bypasses the evaporator are to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The amount of product produced per 100 kg fresh juice fed to the process and the fraction of the feed that bypasses the evaporator are to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The possible drawbacks for the given proposal are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The possible drawbacks for the given proposal are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The evaporation is a process that aids in the conversion of a liquid into gas due to rise in temperature. The process of evaporation becomes faster with the increase in surface area because it permits the liquid molecules to acquire more heat. It results in the increase in kinetic energy of molecules, which aids to overcome of attractive forces between molecules of liquid.

In reverse osmosis, the solvent passes in the opposite direction to that of osmosis.

Answer 12

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Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1P Ch. 4 - Rain is falling on a poorly designed 150-m" flat...Ch. 4 - A liquid-phase chemical reaction A -* B takes...Ch. 4 - A stream consisting of 44.6 mole% benzene and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.5P Ch. 4 - A liquid mixture of acetone and water contains 35...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7P Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.8P Ch. 4 - Inside a distillation column (see Problem 4.8), a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.10P

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