The thermodynamic criterion for solution-vapour equailibrium has to be stated and justified. Concept introduction: Chemical potential: The chemical potential tell us how the Gibbs Free energy will vary with the number of moles n i of component i holding temperature, pressure, and the number of moles of all other components constant. For a pure substance, the chemical potential is equal to its molar Gibbs Free energy. μ i = ( ∂ G ∂ n i ) T,P,n i,j where, μ i Chemical potential G Gibbs free energy T Temperature P Pressure If the partial pressure of a perfect gas in a mixture changes from P J , i t o P J , f , then the change in its chemical potential can be calculated using the following equation as shown below, Δ μ J = R T ln P J , f P J , i Gibb’s energy is an important factor which greatly affect the thermodynamic stability of a molecule or compound. For example: when state A is said to be more thermodynamically stable than state B of a chemical system, if the Gibbs energy of the change from A to B is positive. The stable state of the chemical system is taken as its reference state. The substance with lower molar Gibbs energy is more stable.

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Chapter 4, Problem 4.10DQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The thermodynamic criterion for solution-vapour equailibrium has to be stated and justified.

Concept introduction:

Chemical potential:

The chemical potential tell us how the Gibbs Free energy will vary with the number of moles $ni$ of component i holding temperature, pressure, and the number of moles of all other components constant. For a pure substance, the chemical potential is equal to its molar Gibbs Free energy.

$μi = (∂ G∂ ni)T,P,ni,j where,μi Chemical potentialG Gibbs free energyT TemperatureP Pressure$

If the partial pressure of a perfect gas in a mixture changes from $PJ,i to PJ,f$ , then the change in its chemical potential can be calculated using the following equation as shown below,

$ΔμJ = RT ln PJ,fPJ,i$

Gibb’s energy is an important factor which greatly affect the thermodynamic stability of a molecule or compound.

For example: when state A is said to be more thermodynamically stable than state B of a chemical system, if the Gibbs energy of the change from A to B is positive.

The stable state of the chemical system is taken as its reference state.

The substance with lower molar Gibbs energy is more stable.

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