Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305117396
Author: Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 1CT
Summary Introduction
To explain: The statement of
Concept introduction: Thermodynamics deals with the relation between heat and other forms of energy.
The other forms of energy may be electrical, mechanical, or chemical.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4 - Figure 4.5 Energy inputs and outputs in chemical...Ch. 4 - Figure 4.10 Enzymes, temperature, and pH. Each...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3FIOCh. 4 - Prob. 4FIOCh. 4 - The genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2DIDCh. 4 - Prob. 3DIDCh. 4 - Prob. 1SQCh. 4 - Prob. 2SQCh. 4 - Prob. 3SQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4SQCh. 4 - Prob. 5SQCh. 4 - Prob. 6SQCh. 4 - Prob. 7SQCh. 4 - Prob. 8SQCh. 4 - Ions or molecules tend to diffuse from a region...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10SQCh. 4 - Prob. 11SQCh. 4 - Prob. 12SQCh. 4 - A transport protein requires ATP to pump sodium...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14SQCh. 4 - Prob. 15SQCh. 4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 4 - Water molecules tend to diffuse in response to...Ch. 4 - Dixie Bee wanted to make JELL-O shots for her next...Ch. 4 - The enzyme trypsin is sold as a dietary enzyme...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5CT
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- what is the importance of the first law of thermodynamics in biological systems, especially living organisms?arrow_forwardImagine you are working in a lab, and you are performing two chemical reactions. You notice that Reaction A occurs much faster than Reaction B, and that both reactions release the same amount of heat. Which of the following conclusions can be made from your observation? Reaction A has the same activation energy as Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is more negative (i.e., a larger negative number) than the AG for Reaction B. Reaction A has a lower activation energy than Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is the same as the AG of Reaction B. Reaction A has a higher activation energy than Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is the same as the AG of Reaction B. Reaction A has the same activation energy as Reaction B, and the AG of Reaction A is less negative (i.e., a smaller negative number) than the AG for Reaction B.arrow_forwardWhy is it not enough to just rely on either thermodynamic data alone ... Or kinetic (rate of reaction) data alone to predict the possible occurrence of a chemical reaction?arrow_forward
- While walking to biochemistry class with a friend, you see the following graffiti spray painted on the wall of the science building: “When a system is in equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy is maximum.” You are disgusted, not only at the vandalism, but at the ignorance of the vandal. Your friend asks you to explain.arrow_forwardYou and a friend are eating dinner together, and a number of events occur during your dinner that call to mind the Laws of Thermodynamics. Match each event to the most relevant Law of Thermodynamics. Your food is cooked on a propane grill, which converts the chemical energy from propane and oxygen into the heat used to cook the food, First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Your meals arrive, and your friend enjoys eating her steak, which contains chemical energy that will be converted into other forms of chemical energy within her body. After the meal, you go for a walk. The chemical energy from dinner will help generate ATP to fuel the skeletal muscles used for walking. The waiter brings a basket of bread, but as you eat it crumbs are scattered on the table. Your glass of water falls off the table and breaks into many pieces.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE regarding the second law of thermodynamics? The quality of the energy in the universe increases over time. The entropy of the universe is always increasing. Energy is conserved in the universe. The energy of the universe is always increasing. Entropy is conserved in the universe.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is/are true concerning the first law of thermodynamics? A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed. B) The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. C) Energy can be converted from one form to another. D) It is sometimes referred to as the law of conservation of energy. E) All of the above are true.arrow_forwardState the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and discuss the implications of these laws as they relate to organisms.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a description of an example of the second law of thermodynamics? Some chemical energy in glucose transforms to chemical energy in ATP. O The kinetic energy of wind turns the blades of a wind turbine. The chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to kinetic energy to drive a car. The mechanical energy of flowing water turns a turbine. Some chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to heat while driving a car.arrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. velocity b. kinetics c. half-life d. first-order reactions e. pseudo-first-order reactionarrow_forwardConsider a system consisting of an egg in an incubator. The white and yolk of the egg contain proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. If fertilized, the egg is transformed from a single cell to a complex organism. Discuss this irreversible process in terms of the entropy changes in the system, surroundings, anduniverse. Be sure that you first clearly define the system and surroundings.arrow_forwardWhich is not true regarding the 1st Law of Thermodynamics? Energy cannot be destroyed. Energy cannot be created Energy can change form. All are truearrow_forward
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