Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 15TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The mitochondria are evolved from bacteria that entered cells by endocytosis. The likely origins of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.
Introduction:
The mitochondria contains its own DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), ribosomes and the other molecular machinery. The structures present in the mitochondria resemble the equivalent structures present in the bacteria. There are various theories proposed due to these similarities and one of the most accepted theories is the “endosymbiotic theory”.
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Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is TRUE in eukaryotes?
A. For every molecule of NADH oxidized in the electron transport chain, 1 molecule of ATP is produced.
B. ATP synthase harnesses the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space to produce ATP.
C. ATP synthase transduces the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix into kinetic (mechanical) energy
D. H2O is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, being oxidized to O2 and H+.
E. All of the above are true
The following are true of the mitochondrial structure
I. The inner mitochondrial membrane is convoluted to give more space for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis.
II. The porins in the outer membrane makes the outer membrane less permeable than the inner membrane.
III. The matrix contains the machinery for gene expression.
IV. The intermembrane space is between the outer and inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
I, II, III, IV
I, II, III only
I, III, IV only
I, II, IV only
You have been transported into the future, where a nanosensor can be inserted into a living cell and subsequently travel into any organelle. The sensor relays information stating that it has lodged itself in a compartment of the mitochondrion, where there is a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions (H+) and levels of ATP production are high. From what you know about cellular respiration in mitochondria, where is the sensor lodged? (a) inner mitochondrial membrane (b) mitochondrial matrix (c) chloroplast stroma (d) cell cytoplasm (e) plasma membrane
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 4.2 - Where in a prokaryotic cell is DNA found? How is...Ch. 4.3 - Where in a eukaryotic cell is DNA found? How is...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 4.3 - Explain the structure and function of the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4SBCh. 4.3 - What is the structure and function of the...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 4.5 - What are the structures and function of anchoring...
Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 4 - A prokaryote converts food energy into the...Ch. 4 - Eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are similar...Ch. 4 - Which of the following structures does not require...Ch. 4 - Which of the following structures is not used in...Ch. 4 - Which of the following are glycoproteins whose...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 4 - Which of the following statements about proteins...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a component of the...Ch. 4 - Discuss Concepts Explain why aliens invading Earth...Ch. 4 - You are examining a cell from a crime scene using...Ch. 4 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 4 - 17. The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ITD
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- Predict the outcome of a mitochondrial membrane that is more permeable to hydrogen ions than normal. answer choices A.) Increased levels of inorganic phosphate in the mitochondrial matrix B.) Reduced formation of water C.) Reduced activity of electron transport chain D.) Increased activity of ATP synthasearrow_forwardMitochondria are critical for normal metabolism. From which parent did each human being’s original mitochondria come from at conception? In Luft’s syndrome the mitochondria are not producing sufficient amounts of ATP. What series of reactions could be most responsible for the deficiency? What are some other conditions that are thought to involve mitochondrial malfunction? What's your opinion on the 3-parent babies technique approved in the UK?arrow_forwardMitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and feature a double membrane. A mutation was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster that prevented the formation of cristae in mitochondria. Which of the following would the researchers observe in Drosophila with this mutation? H+ ions could not be pumped into the intermembrane space. The components of the respiratory chain would not colocalize efficiently. NADH2 could not be transported from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria. Proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm would not be able to enter the mitochondria. i and ii i and iv ii and iii iii and ivarrow_forward
- Scientists explain the existence of mitochondria and chloroplasts with the endosymbiotic hypothesis. What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis? Give two pieces of evidence for it.arrow_forwardHow are proteins normally transported into the mitochondrial matrix, if they were originally synthesized on ribosomes present in the cytosol (not on the rough endoplasmic reticulum)? they are packaged into vesicles with v-SNARES for fusion with their target organelles they can pass freely through large pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane they are secreted by the golgi, captured by receptors, and absorbed by endosomes they must pass through the nuclear envelope by means of nuclear pores they are unfolded in the translocation channel, then refolded by chaperonesarrow_forwardIf isolated mitochondria are incubated with asource of electrons such as succinate, but without oxygen,electrons enter the respiratory chain, reducing each of theelectron carriers almost completely. When oxygen is thenintroduced, the carriers become oxidized at different rates(Figure Q14–1). How does this result allow you to order the electron carriers in the respiratory chain? What is theirorder?arrow_forward
- For questions 30 through 36, select the location where the following events occur. Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Some questions may have one answer, some questions may have more than one answer. a) mitochondrial inner membrane b) mitochondrial intermembrane space c) mitochondrial matrix d) thylakoid membrane e) thylakoid space 30. electron chain components embedded here 31. H+ pumped into here 32. found in plants 33. found in animals 34. ADP+ Pi→ ATP occurs here 35. ATP synthase embedded here 36. Light-capturing pigments embedded here asap please.arrow_forwardConcerning human biology, the major role of a cell's mitochondria is to provide the cells with usable energy in the form of ATP. In regard to the cellular respiration equation: Food + x(consumes) -----> y(produces + energy (ATP). As for "x" (what the cell consumes), I believe the answer is oxygen. As for "y" (what the cell produces), I'm guessing the answer is carbon dioxide. Could you please verify this, and better explain it to me?arrow_forwardYou are studying the enzyme kinetics of enzymes in the TCA cycle. You add a molecule to the mixture that appears to act as a competitive inhibitor of one of the enzymes. At first, you cannot tell which enzyme is inhibited, but you can tell that it is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Can you guess which TCA enzyme you have inhibited and how do you know? Where are other enzymes located in the mitochondrion?arrow_forward
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