Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577190
Author: Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. Masters
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Chapter 4, Problem 10Q
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The restriction on the use of wood applicator sticks in a
Concept introduction:
A chemical reaction is a process that results in the chemical transformation of one type of substances to another. The substances that are initially involved in the reaction are called reactants. The new substances that are formed after the occurrence of the reaction are known as products.
The general equation to represent a chemical reaction is as follows:
Where,
- A and B are the reactants.
- C and D are the products.
- a and b are the
stoichiometric coefficients of reactants. - c and d are the stoichiometric coefficients of products.
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6) Fill in the missing Acid, pKa value, or conjugate base in the table below:
Acid
HCI
Approximate pK,
-7
Conjugate Base
H-C:
Hydronium (H₂O')
-1.75
H-O-H
Carboxylic Acids (RCOOH)
Ammonium (NH4)
9.24
Water (H₂O)
H-O-H
Alcohols (ROH)
RO-H
Alkynes
R--H
Amines
25
25
38
HO
5) Rank the following sets of compounds in order of decreasing acidity (most acidic to least
acidic), and choose the justification(s) for each ranking.
(a)
OH
V
SH
я вон
CH
most acidic
(lowst pKa)
least acidic
(highest pKa)
Effect(s)
Effect(s)
Effect(s)
inductive effect O inductive effect O inductive effect
electronegativity electronegativity O electronegativity
resonance
polarizability
resonance
polarizability
O resonance
O polarizability
hybridization
Ohybridization
O hybridization
о
How negatively charged organic bases are formed.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments
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