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(a)
Interpretation:
The given compounds whether form hydrogen bond or not has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Hydrogen bonding: It is a
This type of bonding does not sharing of electrons in a covalent bond, it is attraction between the positive and negative poles of charges atoms.
Polarity: It is a well separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or chemical compounds having an electrical dipole moment. Generally the polar molecules must contain polar bonds due to a different in electronegative between the bonded atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given compounds whether form hydrogen bond or not with ethanol has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Hydrogen bonding: It is a electromagnetic attraction between polar molecules with hydrogen bonds to a larger atom (for example oxygen or nitrogen) atoms.
This type of bonding does not sharing of electrons in a covalent bond, it is attraction between the positive and negative poles of charges atoms.
Polarity: It is a well separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or chemical compounds having an electrical dipole moment. Generally the polar molecules must contain polar bonds due to a different in electronegative between the bonded atoms.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- An ether has a lower boiling point than an aldehyde of the same mass (or number of C atoms). Why is this? a. the ether, containing a carbonyl group, interacts more strongly (ether molecule to ether molecule) than does an aldehyde (molecule to molecule), b. The ether, with its single O atom, can H bond to only 2 water molecules. c. The ether, with its single O atom and no attached H atom, does not form H bonds and does not have a dipole for dipole/dipole interaction. d. All of the above.arrow_forwardWhich of these compounds forms hydrogen bonds with a solvent such as ethanol? 1. CH3CH2CH2OH 2. CH3CH2CH2F 3. CH2OCH2CH3arrow_forwardWhich has higher boiling point? A. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 B. (CH3)2CHCH2CH3arrow_forward
- Rank the compounds in each group in order of increasing boiling point. a. CH 3CH 2CH 2I, CH 3CH 2CH 2Cl, CH 3CH 2CH 2F b. CH 3(CH 2) 4CH 3, CH 3(CH 2) 5Br, CH 3(CH 2) 5Clarrow_forwardWhat functional group distinguishes each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives? a. halohydrocarbons b. alcohols c. ethers d. aldehydes e. ketones f. carboxylic acids g. esters h. amines Give examples of each functional group. What prefix or suffix is used to name each functional group? What are the bond angles in each? Describe the bonding in each functional group. What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol? For the functional groups in ah, when is a number required to indicate the position of the functional group? Carboxylic acids are often written as RCOOH. What does COOH indicate and what does R indicate? Aldehydes are sometimes written as RCHO. What does CHO indicate?arrow_forwardFunctional Group Classes Alcohol Amide Ester • CH₂CH₂OH * CHIO-CH, 7. H₂C1O Amine Ketone Circle each functional group(s) and identify the class to which each of the groups belongs. 9. H₂C Aldehyde Thiol Aromatics Carboxylic Acid 2. CH,SH 6. Alkenes 4. H₂NCH₂CH₂ 10. Ether NM₂ 11. Which of the functional groups in the top list must be on a terminalC in the carbon chain?arrow_forward
- 1. The reactant (2-methyl-2-butanol) has a limited solubility in water at room temperature. 10.0 mL of 2-methyl-2-butanol will dissolve in ~ 80 mL of water. In this experiment, 10.0 mL of 2-methyl-2-butanol readily dissolved in 20 mL of 12 mol/L aqueous HCl. a. Why does this compound exhibit some solubility in water? Consider intermolecular forces and include a diagram to illustrate the relevant intermolecular forces. Why is it not completely miscible in water (in all proportions)?arrow_forwardIn each pair of compounds, pick the one with the higher boiling point. Explain your reasoning.a. CH3OH or CH3SHb. CH3OCH3 or CH3CH2OHc. CH4 or CH3CH3arrow_forward1. a secondary alkyl halide with molecular formula C4H9l 2. trans-1,2-cyclopentanediol 3. tert-butyl phenyl ether 4. an ether with molecular formula C3H8O 5. p-aminophenolarrow_forward
- The boiling points of various organic compounds are given below. Explain the reasons for the different be points. How do the functional groups of each compound effect their boiling points? 6. Boiling Point 141°C Compound | Propanoic acid 1-propanol 1-propanamine Propanal Propane 97°C 51°C 48°C -42°C bAdd hdrol 7. The compound shown is a common artificial sweetener, Circle and identify the functional groups in the molecule. Which functional groups can undergo hydrolysis? Draw structures to show the complete hydrolysis (either acidic or basic) of the compound. (Hint: hydrolysis may occur in more than one location.) anen HO. NH CH3 NH2 8. a) Valproic acid is an anti-seizure medication often administered in a sodium salt form. Draw out the reaction showing how the sodium salt of valproic acid is formed. Why is the salt form used? etoca) soslom lonoitanutlsgs at (woled pile bos aiolte n anuong le 8,9slicalyrtts mal or lonsis w bus bsCH, - CH, - CH oD mal e (biaE CH - CH, - CH, - CH,…arrow_forwardRank the following compounds in order of increasing (lowest to highest) boiling point HO. II III -CH2-CH3 -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 II III HO. II IIIarrow_forward1. Simple ketones, like acetone, are often used as industrial solvents for many organically based products such as adhesives and paints. They are considered "universal solvents," because they dissolve so many diverse materials. Explain why these chemicals are good solvents.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
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