Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 39, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Glial cells are sometimes referred to as ‘neuroglia’, which are closely associated with neurons. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, satellite cells, and Schwann cells are the six types of neuroglia found in the CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system).
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Which of the following is true about the conduction of action potentials?
a. Thicker axons are faster because there is more surface area on thicker axons.
b. Myelin speeds conduction because the glial cells add voltage gated Na+ channels to the neuron.
c. Diffusion of Na+ ions between the Nodes of Ranvier happens faster than the wave of opening and closing membrane proteins can travel.
d. Neurons that don’t have myelin sheaths undergo saltatory conduction
e. Action potentials move slowly.
The rate of information transmission from the central nervous system (CNS) to an effector organ
will be slowed by...
A. increasing the diameter of the axons
B. increasing the number of nerve cells between the CNS and the effector organ
C. adding a myelin sheath to the axons
D. increasing the distance between the nodes of Ranvier
E. None of the above
Damage to the axons in the spinal cord is typically permanent and debilitating. One promising avenue of treatment is transplanting certain cells into the spinal cord after injury. Which cell type is the best choice to help
repair a severed axon?
O a. Microglia
O b. Inhibitory neurons
Oc.
Astrocytes
O d. Schwann cells
O e. Excitatory neurons
O f. Oligodendrocytes
Chapter 39 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 39.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 39.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 39.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 39 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 39 - An example of a synapse could be the site where:...Ch. 39 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 39 - The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to: a. cause...Ch. 39 - In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the...Ch. 39 - Which of the following does not contribute to...Ch. 39 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 39 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 39 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 39 - You learned in this chapter that Na+/K+ active...Ch. 39 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 39 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Schwann cells are a type of glial cell found in the nervous system. In addition to the conduction of nerve impulses, the outermost layer called neurilemma aids in nerve development and regeneration. After examining the image below, can you explain why brain cells have a. Neurons in the central nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells. b. Neurons in the central nervous system are surrounded by white matter. c. Axons of the peripheral nervous system lack neurilemma of Schwann cells. d. Neurons in the peripheral nervous system are surrounded by grey matter.arrow_forwardAction potential conduction velocity is more rapid in a myelinated axon than an unmyelinated one because in a myelinated axon: a. the action potential travels as a continuous wave. b. there is a decrease in membrane resistance. c. the action potential jumps along the axon. d. there is an increase in membrane capacitance. e. there is an increase in the ion gradients.arrow_forwardThe morphological difference between bipolar neurons and unipolar neurons is_ and that determines how they are classified. a. the type of neurotransmitter they contain b. one is a Golgi Type I and the other is a Golgi Type II c. the number of axons that they have d. the number of different types of neurotransmitters they contain e. none of the abovearrow_forward
- A neuron must reach threshold to fire an action potential. In this context, threshold refers to which event? a. voltage at which damage occurs to the membrane because of the electrical charge b. the voltage at which potassium ions begin to flow in and out of the cell c. the voltage at which voltage-gated sodium channels open d. the voltage at which the neuron can no longer produce an action potential According to studies in developing rodents, testosterone treatment causes detectable changes in: a. the sex region Y gene b. the thalamus c. the hypothalamus d. alpha-fetoproteinarrow_forwardMatch the types of neuroglia to their functions. (1) ependymal cells (2) oligodendrocytes (3) astrocytes (4) Schwann cells (5) microglial cells A. form a myelin sheath around peripheral nerves B. phagocytize cellular debris and bacteria C. line inner parts of ventricles and spinal cord D. form scar tissue and regulate ion and nutrient concentrations in the CNS E. form a myelin sheath around neurons in the CNSarrow_forwardMatch the description with the statement that best describes the following regions dendrites A. elongated projection that conducts electrical signals over long distances B. receives input from other neurons axon hillock C. "region of high denisty of voltage-gated channels, known as the trigger zone" ахon D. contains numerous vesicles containing neurotransmitter synaptic knobarrow_forward
- . Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles located in specialized portions of thea. neuron cell body. c. dendrite.b. axon. d. postsynaptic membrane.arrow_forwardThe transmission of action potentials down a myelinated axon is faster but "saltatory" because of which of the following? A. the passive transmission of action potentials is faster but degrades the action potential B. voltage-gated sodium channels are only found in the Nodes of Ranvier C. active transmission of action potentials does not degrade the action potential but is slow D. A and C are correct E. all of the above are correctarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not correct about myelin sheaths? Select one: O A. They insulate parts of the neuron axon but not the cell body and dendrites. O B. They are fatty membranes. O C. They are formed by glial cells, namely oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. O D. They are responsible for saltatory conduction, the process in which the action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier. O E. They increase the speed of action potential conduction along an axon by increasing the diamter of the axon.arrow_forward
- Action potentials are normally initiated at the axon hillock because a. there is a particularly high density of voltage-gated sodium channels there. b. threshold potential is lower there than at other sites along the plasma membrane. c. activation of sodium channels at the axon hillock results in a particularly strong inward current and consequent depolarization. d. all of these. e. none of these.arrow_forwardMatch the description with the statement that best describes the following neural circuits. a single post-synaptic neuron receives input from multiple pre- synaptic neurons causes the stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron continually similar to a positive feedback response A. diverging circuits B. converging circuits C. reverberating circuits causes a longer lasting stimulus of the post-synaptic neuron D. parallel after discharge circuits a single pre-synaptic neuron synapses with multiple post-synaptic neurons Moving to another question will save this response. Photos A39 DEC 3 17 étvarrow_forwardMark the following statements as true of false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. Ependymal cells regulate the composition and movement of cerebrospinal fluid. b. Schwann cells make myelin in the peripheral nervous system c. Microglia are neuroglial cells with an immune function. d. Oligodendrocytes repair damaged axons in the peripheral nervous system. e. Astrocytes regulate the extracellular environment of the brain and are key components of the blood-brain barrier. f. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells perform similar functions in different parts of the nervous system.arrow_forward
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