Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 37.2, Problem 5RIA
Summary Introduction
During an epidemic or pandemic, the epidemiologist should measure the frequency of the disease. With the gained data, the epidemiologist should analyze the data with statistics and measure the risk factors of the disease occurring in the particular area. Based on the facts the epidemiologist will determine the risk of the disease, affected and unaffected population by morbidity rate, prevalence rate, and mortality rate.
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Provide the following measures: incidence rate, cause-specific rate, age-specific death rate, and standardized mortality ratio. Which types of inferences can be made from prevalence and incidence?
Explain the differences between incidence rates and prevalence rates.
Calculating Incidence versus Prevalence
The picture represents 10 new cases of illness over about 15 months in a population of 20 persons. Each horizontal line represents one person. The down arrow indicates the date of onset of illness. The solid line represents the duration of illness. The up arrow and the cross represent the date of recovery and date of death, respectively.
The picture New: Cases of Illness from October 1, 2004–September 30, 2005
Question: Calculate the incidence rate from October 1, 2004, to September 30, 2005, using the midpoint population (population alive on April 1, 2005) as the denominator. Express the rate per 100 population.
Chapter 37 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 37.2 - How might biased data collection impact the public...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 1RIACh. 37.2 - Prob. 2RIACh. 37.2 - Prob. 3RIACh. 37.2 - Prob. 4RIACh. 37.2 - Prob. 5RIACh. 37.3 - Prob. 1MICh. 37.3 - Prob. 2MICh. 37.3 - Prob. 1RIACh. 37.3 - Prob. 2RIA
Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 3RIACh. 37.3 - Prob. 4RIACh. 37.4 - Prob. 1RIACh. 37.4 - What are some of the factors in your community...Ch. 37.4 - Prob. 3RIACh. 37.5 - Describe a health-careassociated infection, and...Ch. 37.5 - Prob. 2RIACh. 37.5 - Prob. 3RIACh. 37.7 - Prob. 1RIACh. 37.7 - Prob. 2RIACh. 37.7 - Prob. 3RIACh. 37.7 - What is the Public Health Security and...Ch. 37 - Why is international cooperation a necessity in...Ch. 37 - What common sources of infectious disease are...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3CHICh. 37 - How can changes in herd immunity contribute to an...Ch. 37 - College dormitories are notorious for outbreaks of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 6CHICh. 37 - Prob. 7CHICh. 37 - Prob. 8CHI
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- Calculating Incidence versus Prevalence The picture represents 10 new cases of illness over about 15 months in a population of 20 persons. Each horizontal line represents one person. The down arrow indicates the date of onset of illness. The solid line represents the duration of illness. The up arrow and the cross represent the date of recovery and date of death, respectively. The picture New: Cases of Illness from October 1, 2004–September 30, 2005 Question: Calculate the period prevalence from October 1, 2004, to September 30, 2005. The numerator of period prevalence includes anyone who was ill any time during the period. In Figure 3.1, the first 10 persons were all ill at some time during the period.arrow_forwardDefine incidence and prevalence, and explain the difference between them.arrow_forward1. The leading cause of death worldwide is 2000 is due to 1) none 2) congenital disease 3) lifestyle risk factors 4) communicable disease 2. To differentiate incidence from prevalence: 1) whether the event is a new case ; time of onset of the disease 2) presence or absence of a disease ; time period is arbitrary ; rather a snapshot in time 3) number of new cases of disease during a specified period od time/population at risk 4) useful in the study of burden of chronic diseases and implications for health servicesarrow_forward
- 3 / 14 | - 63% + Assessment criteria 1.1.1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 The Covid pandemic had an immediate impact on people's mental health, the data shows that people seeking help for mental health problems is at a record high, and mental health services are overstretched and under resourced. Write an essay with the title: 'Discuss the impact of the Covid pandemic on mental health. Select one group to base your essay on: Children Adolescents Adults Older People In your essay: Identify common mental health disorders associated with the pandemic that affect the group you have selected. Describe how mental health disorders are classified. Discuss the impact of mental health problems for the group you have selected. This means to discuss how mental health problems can affect people physically, socially and emotionally. Consider key issues and challenges affecting mental health during and since the pandemic. Identify and analyse the legislation and guidance that can be used to support people with mental…arrow_forwardRates of disease and death are elevated for historically marginalized racial groups, blacks (or African Americans), Native Americans (or American Indians and Alaska Natives), and Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders, who tend to have an earlier onset of illness, more aggressive progression of disease, and poorer survival. True OR Falsearrow_forwardExplain how the increase in hygiene and medical care affected a) birth rate b) death ratearrow_forward
- Patients are acquiring infections after visiting a hospital. Visit the CDC website on HAILinks to an external site.. Question: Describe the types of Health-care associated infections patients are acquiring after being admitted to a hospital. Describe the transmission methods and rates of these infections. Discuss the prevention strategies that could be implemented to reduce the occurrence of Health-care associated infections (nosocomial infections). Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) | HAI | CDCarrow_forwardGive an example of the “epidemiological paradox.”arrow_forward. Define these epidemiological terms incidence (give a figure for Covid-19 Disease) prevalence (give a figure for Covid-19 Disease) morbidity (give a figure for Covid-19 Disease) mortality (give a figure for Covid-19 Disease)arrow_forward
- Explain why rates are important to epidemiologists.arrow_forwardFor each of the studies below, put an “A” if it is an example of analytic epidemiology or a “B” if is an example of descriptive epidemiology. __________ Analysis of US mortality data to determine the rates of colorectal cancer deaths for white (non-Hispanic), black (non-Hispanic) and Hispanics in 2012. __________ Analysis of survey and laboratory data to determine if individuals with a high salt diet have higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ______ Case-control study to determine if patients with a current diagnosis of breast cancer had ever received hormone replacement therapy. ______ Analysis of medical records to determine if diagnosis of hypertension is more or less common among adults age 65 or older compared to those younger than age 65.arrow_forwardExplain the relationship between the three levels of prevention and the prevalence and/or incidence of a specific disease of your choice in a specific population. What are the health disparities for this disease and population you chose? Which of the three levels of prevention do you think receives the most public attention and resource allocation to address this disease? What do you think the rationale is and why?arrow_forward
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