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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Among the given pairs of electron subshells, the one that has the first subshell with more energy has to be chosen.
Concept Introduction:
Electrons are present outside the nucleus of an atom. These electrons are restricted to some specific regions around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons do move rapidly in the space about the nucleus is divided into subspaces that are known as shells, subshells and orbitals.
Electron shells are the space region that is present around the nucleus and this contains electrons that possess approximately same energy and which spend most of their time in the same distance from nucleus. Electron shells are numbered as 1, 2, 3, and so on. The energy of electron increases as the distance between the nucleus and electron shell increases. Electron shell can accommodate electrons and it varies because higher the electron shell number, more is the number of electrons that can be present in it.
Electron subshell is the space region in the electron shell which contains the electrons that have same energy. The number of electron subshell present for each electron shell depends upon the shell number. Electrons are added to the electron subshell in the electron shell. The number of electron subshell that is present in an electron shell depends only on the shell number. If the shell number is 1, then there is only one electron subshell. If the shell number is 2 means then there is two electron subshells and so on.
Electron orbital is the space region in electron subshell where the electrons with specific energy are most likely to be found. An electron orbital can hold only two electrons irrespective of the other considerations. “s” subshell has one orbital, “p” subshell has three orbital, “d” subshell has five orbital and “f” subshell has seven orbitals.
Each and every orbitals have distinct shape. This does not depend upon the shell number. “s” orbital is spherical shape, “p” orbital has two lobes, “d” orbitals have four lobes, and “f” orbital has eight lobes.
Electrons that are present within an orbital “move about” in an orbital. Electron spins on its own either in clockwise or anticlockwise direction. In an orbital, the two electrons that are present will have opposite spin. If one electron spins in clockwise direction, the other electron will spin in anticlockwise direction in an orbital. For two electrons present in the same orbital, this is the most favorable state energetically.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Seventh Edition
- Dr. Mendel asked his BIOL 260 class what their height was and what their parent's heights were. He plotted that data in the graph below to determine if height was a heritable trait. A. Is height a heritable trait? If yes, what is the heritability value? (2 pts) B. If the phenotypic variation is 30, what is the variation due to additive alleles? (2 pts) Offspring Height (Inches) 75 67.5 60 52.5 y = 0.9264x + 4.8519 55 60 65 MidParent Height (Inches) 70 75 12pt v V Paragraph B IUA > AT2 v Varrow_forwardExperiment: Each team will be provided with 5g of a mixture of acetanilide and salicylic acid. You will divide it into three 1.5 g portions in separate 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks savıng some for melting point analysis. Dissolve the mixture in each flask in ~60mL of DI water by heating to boiling on a hotplate. Take the flasks off the hotplate once you have a clear solution and let them stand on the bench top for 5 mins and then allow them to cool as described below. Sample A-Let the first sample cool slowly to room temperature by letting it stand on your lab bench, with occasional stirring to promote crystallization. Sample B-Cool the second sample 1n a tap-water bath to 10-15 °C Sample C-Cool the third sample in an ice-bath to 0-2 °C Results: weight after recrystalization and melting point temp. A=0.624g,102-115° B=0.765g, 80-105° C=1.135g, 77-108 What is the percent yield of A,B, and C.arrow_forwardRel. Intensity Q 1. Which one of the following is true of the compound whose mass spectrum is shown here? Explain how you decided. 100 a) It contains chlorine. b) It contains bromine. c) It contains neither chlorine nor bromine. 80- 60- 40- 20- 0.0 0.0 TT 40 80 120 160 m/z 2. Using the Table of IR Absorptions how could you distinguish between these two compounds in the IR? What absorbance would one compound have that the other compound does not? HO CIarrow_forward
- Illustrate reaction mechanisms of alkenes with water in the presence of H2SO4, detailing each step of the process. Please show steps of processing. Please do both, I will thumb up for sure #1 #3arrow_forwardDraw the following molecule: (Z)-1-chloro-1-butenearrow_forwardIdentify the molecule as having a(n) E, Z, cis, or trans configuration. CH3 H₁₂C ○ E ○ z ○ cis transarrow_forward
- Identify the molecule as having a(n) E, Z, cis, or trans configuration. H₂C- CH3 О Е ○ cis ○ transarrow_forwardThe decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide according to the equation: 50°C 2 N2O5(g) 4 NO2(g) + O2(g) follows first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0065 s-1. If the initial concentration of N2O5 is 0.275 M, determine: the final concentration of N2O5 after 180 seconds. ...arrow_forwardDon't used hand raitingarrow_forward
- CS2(g) →CS(g) + S(g) The rate law is Rate = k[CS2] where k = 1.6 × 10−6 s−¹. S What is the concentration of CS2 after 5 hours if the initial concentration is 0.25 M?arrow_forwardCS2(g) → CS(g) + S(g) The rate law is Rate = k [CS2] where k = 1.6 × 10-6 s−1. S Calculate the half-life.arrow_forwardThe following is a first order reaction where the rate constant, k, is 6.29 x 10-3 min-*** What is the half-life? C2H4 C2H2 + H2arrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
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