Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The free energy source of skeletal muscles, eukaryotic cilia and bacterium flagellum should be compared.
Concept Introduction:
The energy in the biological system is present in the form of chemicals. Different types of cells use different energy sources.
(a)

Explanation of Solution
During the respiration, ATP molecules are formed in the eukaryotic cells. These ATP molecules stores the energy and they give out energy when hydrolyzed. The eukaryotic cells use ATP as their energy source. Hence, skeletal muscles and ciliause the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP.
The bacterium flagellum does not use ATP as an energy source. It uses proton motive force for the propulsion of the flagella. This work by the transportation of the hydrogen ions across the membrane and act like a battery.
(b)
Interpretation:
The components of skeletal muscles, eukaryotic cilia and bacterium flagellum should be compared.
Concept Introduction:
The cells are composed of different structure that helps them in carrying out different functions in the body. All the components of the cells are essential to carry out the physiological process for living.
(b)

Explanation of Solution
The skeletal muscles are made up of two types of filaments. These are actin and myosin. During skeletal muscle contraction, the actin filaments slide over the myosin head.
The eukaryotic cilia are made up of microtubules and dynein. The bacterium flagellum is made of motA, motB, FliG and other ancillary components.
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Chapter 36 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF)-W/ACCESS
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- 3. Which one of the compounds below is the major product formed by the reaction sequence shown here? CH3 + CH3NO2 NaOH H2, Ni ? nitromethane acetophenone OH OH HO HN- u x x x x Ph A HO -NH2 HO H Ph Ph Ph N- H B Ph NH2 D Earrow_forward4. Only ONE of the five compounds below can be prepared by an aldol condensation in which a single carbonyl compound is treated with base. Which one is it? To solve this problem, reverse the aldol condensation that formed each of these molecules to find out what two molecules came together to make the products. The one in which the two molecules are identical is the answer. Ph Ph ཚིག གནས ག ནཱ ཀ ན ཀནཱ A Ph H B Ph Ph H D Ph. Ph Ph E Harrow_forward5. Which one is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction sequence? First, equimolar amounts of cyclopentanone and LDA are mixed at -78°C. Then propionaldehyde (propanal) is added. Addition of aqueous acid completes the process. LDA, -78°C. 1. 2. H₂O* H A B H 0 D H H Earrow_forward
- 2. Which one is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction? NaOH, H₂O heat A B C D Earrow_forwardCH3CH2CHO + propanal PhCH2CHO 2-phenylacetaldehyde mixture of four products NaOH 10. In the crossed aldol reaction of propanal and 2-phenylacetaldehyde shown above, a mixture of four products will be formed. Which ONE of the compounds below will NOT be formed in this crossed aldol reaction? OH Ph A H OH OH Ph H B OH OH H H H Ph Ph C Ph D Earrow_forwardAn organic chemist ordered the wrong item. She wanted to obtain 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, butinstead ordered 2-hydroxybutyraldehyde. As a good biochemist, show how the organic chemistcould use biological catalysis to make her desired compound.arrow_forward
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