Concept explainers
To describe: Three specializations of the plant organs and plant cells that help them to adapt their life on the land.
Introduction: Vascular plants, also called tracheophytes, form a large group of plants that use specialized tissues for transporting water and food to several parts in the plant.
Explanation of Solution
There are three essential organs of the vascular plants such as the leaves, stems, and roots. Also, there are various plant cells that help in the adaptations of plants on land. For example: the parenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, collenchyma cells, the xylem’s water-conducting cells, and phloem’s sugar-conducting cells.
The three specializations of the plants are as follows:
1. Roots: Roots are present in the soil, where it helps in absorbing the water and minerals and stores the carbohydrates. At first, the roots forms primary roots, and then it forms the lateral roots. For acquiring the nutrients and other substances, root hairs are essential, which are beneath the soil.
2. Stems: It is an organ of the plant that comprises the buds and leaves. The most important function of the stem is in elongating and orienting the shoot, so that it would initiate photosynthesis at a maximum rate. The stem consists of internodes, nodes, axillary buds, and the apical buds.
3. Collenchyma cells: These are the cells that are elongated generally and possess thicker primary walls. The walls are thicker than the parenchymatous cells. These cells are essential for supporting the young parts of the shoots of the plants. These cells help in providing support (flexible) without restraining the growth of the plant.
The three essential organs of the vascular plants are leaves, stems, and roots; the three essential plant cells are parenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells, which help them in adapting their life on the land.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 35 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
- Species Interactions Explain how predators, prey and scavengers interact. Explain whether predators and scavengers are necessary or beneficial for an ecosystem.arrow_forwardmagine that you are conducting research on fruit type and seed dispersal. You submitted a paper to a peer-reviewed journal that addresses the factors that impact fruit type and seed dispersal mechanisms in plants of Central America. The editor of the journal communicates that your paper may be published if you make ‘minor revisions’ to the document. Describe two characteristics that you would expect in seeds that are dispersed by the wind. Contrast this with what you would expect for seeds that are gathered, buried or eaten by animals, and explain why they are different. (Editor’s note: Providing this information in your discussion will help readers to consider the significance of the research).arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between Uniporters, Symporters and Antiporters? Which of these are examples of active transport?arrow_forward
- What are Amyloid Fibrils? What biological functions are these known to perform?arrow_forwardHow do histamine and prostaglandins help in the mobilization of leukocytes to an injury site? What are chemotactic factors? How do they affect inflammation process?arrow_forwardCompare and contrast neutrophils and macrophages. Describe two ways they are different and two ways they are similar.arrow_forward
- Describe the effects of three cytokines (not involved in the initial inflammation response). What cells release them?arrow_forwardDescribe activation of helper T cells or cytotoxic T cellsarrow_forwardCompare and contrast MHC 1 and MHC 2. Describe two way they are different and two ways they similar including how they are used in antigen presentation.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning