Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34.3, Problem 4CC
WHAT IF? Ø Imagine that we could replay the history of life. Is it possible that a group of vertebrates that colonized land could have arisen from aquatic gnathostomes other than the lobe-fins? Explain.
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Why is the evolution of the amniotic egg significant?
O Embryos are protected from predators.
O Tetrapods are no longer tied to the water for reproduction.
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Tetrapods can now function with just lungs.
O Newborns are much less dependent on their parents.
It is believed that the coelacanths and lungfish represent a crucial link between other fishes and
tetrapods. What is the major feature in these fish in support of this hypothesis?
O Like amphibians, they are tied to the water for reproduction.
Their fins have skeletal and muscular structures similar to amphibian limbs.
They have lungs and are able to breathe air when water is scarce.
O They have highly evolved nervous and circulatory systems.
They enter a hibernative stage when food is scarce, as many tetrapods do.
See attached. 1. Which pair of animals in numbers 1-3 belongs to a common ancestral group? Explain your answer.2. Fossils and anatomical records both provide pieces of evidence of evolution. How do you determine the age of fossils of an Aurorazhdarcho micronyx and an Archeopterix?
Chapter 34 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 34.1 - Identify four derived characters that all...Ch. 34.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Based on the phylogenetic tree...Ch. 34.2 - How are differences in the anatomy of lampreys and...Ch. 34.2 - WHAT IF? In several different animal lineages,...Ch. 34.2 - WHAT IF? Suggest key roles that mineralized bone...Ch. 34.3 - What derived characters do sharks and tuna share?...Ch. 34.3 - Describe key adaptations of aquatic gnathostomes.Ch. 34.3 - draw it Redraw Figure 34.2 to show four lineages:...Ch. 34.3 - WHAT IF? Imagine that we could replay the history...
Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.4 - Some amphibians never leave the water, whereas...Ch. 34.4 - WHAT IF? Scientists think that amphibian...Ch. 34.5 - Describe three key amniote adaptations for life on...Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.5 - Identify four avian adaptations for flight.Ch. 34.5 - VISUAL SKILLS Based on the phylogeny shown in...Ch. 34.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Develop a hypothesis to explain...Ch. 34.7 - Identify some characters that distinguish hominins...Ch. 34.7 - Provide an example in which different features of...Ch. 34.7 - WHAT IF? Some genetic studies suggest that the...Ch. 34 - Describe likely features of the common ancestor of...Ch. 34 - Identify the shared features of early fossil...Ch. 34 - How would the appearance of organisms with jaws...Ch. 34 - Which features of amphibians restrict most species...Ch. 34 - Explain why birds are considered reptiles.Ch. 34 - Describe the origm and early evolution of mammals.Ch. 34 - Vertebrates and tunicates share (A) jaws adapted...Ch. 34 - Living vertebrates can be divided into two major...Ch. 34 - Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials...Ch. 34 - Which clade does not include humans? (A)synapsids...Ch. 34 - As hominins diverged from other primates, which of...Ch. 34 - Which of the following could be considered the...Ch. 34 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 34 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT As a consequence of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 34 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This animal is a...
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- Which of the following statements is true? --Sea stars are dioecious possess dermal branchiae and they have two stomachs --Actinoptergians are fleshy/lobe finned with cycloid scales and a swim bladder --Ophiuroidea have bilateral larvae, and Aristotle's lantern and five arms --Sand dollars are echinoderms with long spines, gills, and pentaradial larvae --Sharks have an operculum, cosmoid scales and eyelidsarrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS Historically, annelids and arthropods were viewed as closely related because both havebody segmentation. Yet DNA sequence data indicatethat annelids belong to one clade (Lophotrochozoa) andarthropods to another (Ecdysozoa). Could traditionaland molecular hypotheses be tested by studyingthe Hox genes that control body segmentation (seeConcept 21.6)? Explain.arrow_forwardQ5. Lungs allow an animal to breathe _____________. Why did this adaptation evolve? Q6. Tetrapods use ____________ to breathe. Do any modern tetrapods have gills? Explain. Q7. How did the anatomy of the shoulder and head change during tetrapod evolution? Q8. Acanthostega and Icythyostega have been called fish-like tetrapods. Explain why they are described as such and describe the environment in which they probably lived. Q9. __________________ and _____________________ are early tetrapods that do not have features unique to fish. Describe how these two species differ anatomically and what that means about where they each lived.arrow_forward
- Use the cnidarian life cycle diagram in Figure 33.8 to determine the ploidy of a feeding polyp and of a medusa.arrow_forwardFill in the blanks w/ synapomorphic, symplesiomorphic, or neither: The presence of brain regionalization is a __ feature of tetrapods relative to conditions in other vertebrates, but is a __ feature of Chordata considered alone. The presence of a post-anal tail, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, and external gills are __ features of Chordata, __ features of Urochordates, __ features of (cephalochordates + vertebrates) relative to conditions in other organisms.arrow_forwardEvol question: If the common ancestor of Cnidarians were an open-ocean jellyfish, what would you infer regarding the evolutionary trends in the relative importance of the polyp and medusa stages?arrow_forward
- On a deep sea expedition, you capture a previously undiscovered sea creature that appears to represent a new phyla. It happens to have fertilized eggs that you get to spawn. You watch its development to determine which group of animals it might belong to. You see that the mouth develops first, and it goes through several larval stages in which it molts and regrows its skeleton. What other traits is it likely to have based on this type of development Radial symmetry Coelem Central Nervous System Two germ layers present yes or no for eacharrow_forwardIs the presence of myomeres a symplesiomorphic or synapomorphic feature of vertebrates compared to conditions in other deuterostome metazoans? And are these structures symplesiomorphic, synapomorphic, or neither for vertebrates considered alone?arrow_forwardO A OB Sponges O C Cnidarians OE B FlatwormA Multicellularity T Ancostral protist Figure 23.1 One proposed evolutionary tree for animals. ई Annelids A Molluaks At which branch in the accompanying figure did radial symmetry evolve? D Roundworms Arthropods Echinoderma E Chordatosarrow_forward
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