Biology: Concepts and Applications (MindTap Course List)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305967335
Author: Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 34, Problem 6SA
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Immunity is defined as the capacity of an organism to resist and combat infection. The infection is elicited by an antigen, which is a foreign substance that the immune system recognizes as non-self. The immunity can be either adaptive or innate.
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Which of the following participates in an immediate rather than an induced innate immune response to infection in a human host? (Select all that apply.)
a. scavenger receptors
b. commensal microorganisms
c. dectin-1
d. alternative pathway of complement activation
e. MyD88
f. CXCL8
g. defensins
h. NOD1 and NOD2
i. lectin pathway of complement activation.
Which of the following is not a function of antibodies?
Select one:
a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface.
b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces.
c. They exert toxic effects directly.
d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis.
e. They activate complement fixation.
Considering the mechanisms of innate immunity, which of the following pairs is accurately matched?
Select one:
a. Neutrophils – increase in number in response to bacterial infections
b. Complement – slow the spread of viral infections
c. Interferons – assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens
d. Eosinophil – recognize abnormal cells, such as cancer cells
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Applications (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 34 - ________triggers immune responses. a. Cytokines d....Ch. 34 - Which of the following is not a surface barrier to...Ch. 34 - Which of the following is not a part of innate...Ch. 34 - Prob. 4SACh. 34 - Activated complement proteins ________. a....Ch. 34 - Prob. 6SACh. 34 - Prob. 7SACh. 34 - Antibodies are ________. a. antigen receptors c....Ch. 34 - A dendritic cell engulfs a bacterium, then...Ch. 34 - Prob. 10SA
Ch. 34 - Prob. 11SACh. 34 - Prob. 12SACh. 34 - Prob. 13SACh. 34 - Match the immune cell with its main function....Ch. 34 - Prob. 15SACh. 34 - Match the immunity concept with the best...Ch. 34 - Prob. 1CTCh. 34 - Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing a...Ch. 34 - Prob. 3CTCh. 34 - Prob. 4CT
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- The followings are functions of antibody eliminating unknown particles or cells which enter into the body, except... A. Attach to the active side of particle or cell that enters into the body B. Make easier of macrophage to phagositosize unknown particle or cell that enters the body C. Precipitate the unknown particle that dissolves in body fluid D. Initiate the working system of complement E. Eliminate bacteria that grows on endosome of macropahgearrow_forwardCompare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity by matching the following characteristics with the correct arm of immunity, using I for innate and A for adaptive: a. Is the first to engage on initial encounter with antigen b. Is the most pathogen specific c. Employs T and B lymphocytes d. Adapts during the response e. Responds identically during a first and second exposure to the same antigen f. Responds more effectively during a subsequent exposure g. Includers a memory component h. Is the target of vaccination i. Can involve the use of PAMP receptors j. Involves antigen-specific receptors binding to pathogens k. Can be mediated by antibodiesarrow_forwardWhich is/are not part of innate immunity?a. phagocytic cells e. inflammationb. fever f. cytokinesc. histamines g.presenting antigend. complement activation h.all take partarrow_forward
- The following events occur in humoral immunity, leading to an activated B cell in a T dependent manner. Of the steps listed below, which would be step number 5 in the process. Hint: only include these steps in the numbering...order the steps and select which one is #5 A. secretion of cytokines by Th B. Receptor mediated endocytosis C. B cell receptors recognize and bind to an antigen D. Recognition by Th E. Digestion and processing of the antigen by the B cell F. Display of the antigen along with MHC proteinsarrow_forwardSynthesis of antibodies is part of: a. Innate immunity b. Adaptive immunity c. Active Passive immunity d. Artiicial passive immunityarrow_forwardAntibodies can have multiple mechanisms of action. The main mechanism is "flagging" a foreign body for phagocytosis and degradation. Another mechanism is... Select one: a. Binding of the Fc domain to T cells for cooperative antigen recognition and destruction. b. Altering the local pH by the formation of carbamate upon reaction with CO2 to denature protein antigens. c. Binding of the variable region to multiple different/distinct sites on the antigen. d. None of these. e. Binding of the antigen in regions essential for its function.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not an example of a complement control protein? a. decay-accelerating factor (DAF) b. factor H c. factor B d. membrane cofactor protein (MCP) e. factor P (properdin) f. factor I.arrow_forwardDendritic cells take up, process or present antigen by all of the following routes except Select one: a. receptor-mediated endocytosis of bacteria. b. macropinocytosis of bacteria or viruses. c. uptake of viruses using Toll-like receptor TLR9. d. cross-presentation from the MHC class II pathway to the MHC class I pathway. Oe. cross-presentation from incoming infected dendritic cells to healthy resident dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid tissue. Of. delivery of viral peptides from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum during viral infection.arrow_forwardCHAPTER 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity Matching SECTION 3 Revie w Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. opsonization 1 b. helper T cells Two parallel pairs of polypeptide chains Found on helper T cells C. antibody d. class II MHC 3 Active and passive 4 Transfer of antibodies e. costimulation Attacked by HIV f. IgM 6 Enhances phagocytosis g. class I MHC h. IgG 7 MHC proteins present in the plasma membranes of all nucleated cells i. passive immunity j. anaphylaxis 8 Differentiate into memory and plasma cells 9 MHC proteins present in the plasma membranes of all APCS and lymphocytes 9 k. CD4 markers 10 I. acquired immunity 10 Antibodies used to determine blood type 11 m. B lymphocytes 11 Secondary binding process required for T cell activation 12 12 Accounts for 80 percent of all immunoglobulins 13 13 Circulating allergen stimulates mast cells throughout body Match each lettered term with thearrow_forward
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