Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34, Problem 5FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Air enters from nose or mouth and passes through nasal cavity into the pharynx. The air then travels to larynx which is guarded by epiglottis. Inhaled air travels past larynx into the trachea. The trachea splits into left and right large branches called as bronchi which lead to the left and right lung respectively. Inside the lung, each bronchus repeatedly branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Bronchioles conduct air to alveoli. Alveoli are the microscopic air sacs that provide a site for the exchange of gases.
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The respiratory membrane is found in the________ .This membrane consists of the wall of a(n)_______ and the wall of a(n)________ joined by proteinstrands. The respiratory membrane is (how many?)______cell(s) thick. The inside of the respiratory membrane is coated with a watery fluid containing_______.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across our respiratory surface into and out of the blood via simple diffusion. The respiratory membrane is thin so gases diffuse only a short distance through the liquid and into the blood. Fluid buildup in the lungs increases the distance through the liquid medium. How does this impact the concentration of oxygen in the blood? Explain.
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Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 34.1 - explain how organismal respiration supports...Ch. 34.1 - describe the adaptations of respiratory surfaces...Ch. 34.1 - explain why bulk flow is required for respiration?Ch. 34.2 - explain the four stages of gas exchange in animals...Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 34.2 - How does the insect tracheal system compensate for...Ch. 34.2 - explain the respiratory adaptations of fish?Ch. 34.2 - How do the respiratory adaptations of amphibians...Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.2 - Prob. 3TC
Ch. 34.3 - If you have sleep apnea, you never get a good...Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1ETCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1TCCh. 34.3 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 34.3 - explain the mechanics of breathing?Ch. 34.3 - How does contracting the diaphragm muscle and the...Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 34 - Prob. 1ACCh. 34 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 34 - Which of the following in not true of respiratory...Ch. 34 - Describe how fish gills work, including the basic...Ch. 34 - Nicotine is responsible for keeping smokers...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 2MCCh. 34 - How does the respiratory system of a frog change...Ch. 34 - Prob. 3ACCh. 34 - Which part of the conducting portion of the...Ch. 34 - Which of the following statements is False? a....Ch. 34 - Prob. 3RQCh. 34 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 4MCCh. 34 - Prob. 4RQCh. 34 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 5MCCh. 34 - Explain some important characteristics of animals...Ch. 34 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 6RQCh. 34 - What events occur during human inhalation? During...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8RQCh. 34 - Prob. 9RQCh. 34 - Explain how the structure and arrangement of...
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- (a) The partial pressure of CO2 in the lungs can be varied rapidly by the rate and depth of breathing. For example, a common remedy to alleviate hiccups is to increase the concentration of CO2 in the lungs. This can be achieved by holding one’s breath, by very slow and shallow breathing (hypoventilation), or by breathing in and out of a paper bag.Under such conditions, pCO2 in the air space of the lungs rises above normal. Qualitatively explain the effect of these procedures on the blood pH.(b) A common practice of competitive short-distance runners is to breathe rapidly and deeply (hyperventilate) for about half a minute to remove CO2from their lungs just before the race begins. Blood pH may rise to 7.60. Explain why the blood pH increases.(c) During a short-distance run, the muscles produce a large amount of lactic acid (CH2CH(OH)COOH; K2 = 1.38 × 10 –4 M) from their glucose stores. Why might hyperventilation before a dash be useful?arrow_forwardThe diffusion coefficient of a gas is a constant and is not affected by disease states or treatment options. In contrast the other factors that determine gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane is affected by changes.Name the factors that can cause an increase in the diffusion rate through the respiratory membrane and provide detailed examples of conditions that will cause this increase.arrow_forwardThe respiratory membrane is composed of two extremely thin layers of simple squamous epithelium. Explain how this structure supports or helps the function of the respiratory membrane.arrow_forward
- The figure below shows a plot of Transorgan pressures vs. volume for the chest wail, lung and the respiratory system as a whole (graph on left. Picture A of the model lung on the right corresponds to which number (point) in the graph on the left? Che Ahw Lung Volume TLC Che 20 FRC Ch RV MV -30 -20 -10 10 20 30 40 50 TransOrgan Static Pressure (cm H,O) Ah 10arrow_forwardThe following are the factors that affect rate of diffusion across respiratory membrane: a. Membrane thickness. b. Molecular weight and solubility of the gas. c. All of the above correct. d. Surface area. e. Partial pressure difference across respiratory membrane.arrow_forwardDescribe the four factors that affect the diffusion of gasesthrough the respiratory membrane. Give examples ofdiseases that decrease diffusion by altering these factors.arrow_forward
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