Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 34, Problem 5FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Air enters from nose or mouth and passes through nasal cavity into the pharynx. The air then travels to larynx which is guarded by epiglottis. Inhaled air travels past larynx into the trachea. The trachea splits into left and right large branches called as bronchi which lead to the left and right lung respectively. Inside the lung, each bronchus repeatedly branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Bronchioles conduct air to alveoli. Alveoli are the microscopic air sacs that provide a site for the exchange of gases.
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The respiratory membrane is found in the________ .This membrane consists of the wall of a(n)_______ and the wall of a(n)________ joined by proteinstrands. The respiratory membrane is (how many?)______cell(s) thick. The inside of the respiratory membrane is coated with a watery fluid containing_______.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across our respiratory surface into and out of the blood via simple diffusion. The respiratory membrane is thin so gases diffuse only a short distance through the liquid and into the blood. Fluid buildup in the lungs increases the distance through the liquid medium. How does this impact the concentration of oxygen in the blood? Explain.
Oxygen diffuses from the inhaled air in the alveoli of the lungs, where its concentration is higher, into
the cytoplasm of red blood cells, where its concentration is lower. Patients diagnosed with
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ones. Explain how this damage can lead to shortness of breath?
The surface area of lungs is reduced. Hence, less oxygen can diffuse into the red blood
cells.
The surface area of lungs is increased. Hence, more oxygen can diffuse into the red blood
B
cells.
The surface area of lungs is reduced. Hence, more oxygen can diffuse into the red blood
cells.
The surface area of lungs is increased. Hence, less oxygen can diffuse into the red blood
cells.
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 34.1 - explain how organismal respiration supports...Ch. 34.1 - describe the adaptations of respiratory surfaces...Ch. 34.1 - explain why bulk flow is required for respiration?Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 34.2 - How does the insect tracheal system compensate for...Ch. 34.2 - How do the respiratory adaptations of amphibians...Ch. 34.2 - explain the four stages of gas exchange in animals...Ch. 34.2 - explain the respiratory adaptations of fish?Ch. 34.2 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1TC
Ch. 34.3 - How does contracting the diaphragm muscle and the...Ch. 34.3 - If you have sleep apnea, you never get a good...Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.3 - explain the mechanics of breathing?Ch. 34.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 34.3 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CTCh. 34 - Which of the following in not true of respiratory...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2MCCh. 34 - Which of the following statements is False? a....Ch. 34 - Prob. 4MCCh. 34 - Prob. 5MCCh. 34 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 34 - Which part of the conducting portion of the...Ch. 34 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 34 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 34 - Describe how fish gills work, including the basic...Ch. 34 - How does the respiratory system of a frog change...Ch. 34 - Prob. 3RQCh. 34 - Prob. 4RQCh. 34 - Prob. 5RQCh. 34 - Prob. 6RQCh. 34 - What events occur during human inhalation? During...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8RQCh. 34 - Prob. 9RQCh. 34 - Explain how the structure and arrangement of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 1ACCh. 34 - Nicotine is responsible for keeping smokers...Ch. 34 - Prob. 3AC
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- (a) The partial pressure of CO2 in the lungs can be varied rapidly by the rate and depth of breathing. For example, a common remedy to alleviate hiccups is to increase the concentration of CO2 in the lungs. This can be achieved by holding one’s breath, by very slow and shallow breathing (hypoventilation), or by breathing in and out of a paper bag.Under such conditions, pCO2 in the air space of the lungs rises above normal. Qualitatively explain the effect of these procedures on the blood pH.(b) A common practice of competitive short-distance runners is to breathe rapidly and deeply (hyperventilate) for about half a minute to remove CO2from their lungs just before the race begins. Blood pH may rise to 7.60. Explain why the blood pH increases.(c) During a short-distance run, the muscles produce a large amount of lactic acid (CH2CH(OH)COOH; K2 = 1.38 × 10 –4 M) from their glucose stores. Why might hyperventilation before a dash be useful?arrow_forwardThe diffusion coefficient of a gas is a constant and is not affected by disease states or treatment options. In contrast the other factors that determine gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane is affected by changes.Name the factors that can cause an increase in the diffusion rate through the respiratory membrane and provide detailed examples of conditions that will cause this increase.arrow_forwardThe respiratory membrane is composed of two extremely thin layers of simple squamous epithelium. Explain how this structure supports or helps the function of the respiratory membrane.arrow_forward
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