Bundle: Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life, 14th + LMS Integrated for MindTap Biology, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card
Bundle: Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life, 14th + LMS Integrated for MindTap Biology, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305774384
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 33, Problem 3CT

Most bats eat insects or fruit. Vampire bats, however, suck blood from birds or mammals. Like some snakes, and unlike any other mammals, vampire bats have thermoreceptors that can detect body heat given off by prey. Is the heat-detecting ability of vampire bats and snakes a homologous trait or an analogous one? Explain your reasoning.

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Is the inability to make vitamin C likely a homologous or analogous trait for humans and orangutans (both of which are simian primates)?
How did the presence of an adaptation change the frequency of a specific trait in hummingbirds?   Most humans enjoy candy, cake, and ice cream. As a result of evolutionary history, we have a wide variety of tastes. This is not true of all animals. Cats do not seek sweets. Over the course of their evolutionary history, the cat family tree lost a gene to detect sweet flavors. Most birds also lack this gene, with a few exceptions. Hummingbirds are sugar junkies.  Hummingbirds evolved from an insect-eating ancestor. The genes that detect the savory flavor of insects underwent changes, making hummingbirds more sensitive to sugars. These new sweet-sensing genes give hummingbirds a preference for high-calorie flower nectar. Hummingbirds actually reject certain flowers whose nectar is not sweet enough!
We have five tastes related to the taste buds on our tongue: sweet, salty, umami, bitter and sour.Not all animals have the same tastes we do. Why do we have these particular five tastes? What does each one detect on a molecular level? What do you think the evolutionary advantage is for each? Finally, how has our environment changed to make some of these "tastes" change from an advantage to a disadvantage in an evolutionary sense.
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