Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 33, Problem 1CT
Like other nocturnal carnivores, the ferret shown in FIGURE 33.13 has light-reflecting material in its choroid. Explain why the presence of reflective material in this layer of the eye maximizes the degree to which light excites photoreceptors. Explain also why having reflective material in this layer causes the perceived image to be somewhat blurry.
FIGURE 33.13 Eyeshine of a back-footed ferret A reflective layer in this nocturnal predator’s eyes enhances its night vision,
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Which the correct order of passing information of light stimuli among cells in the
retina?
ganglion cell → bipolar cells → photoreceptor
photoreceptor → amacrine cells → ganglion cell
horizontal cell photoreceptor →ganglion cell
Ophotoreceptor → bipolar cells → ganglion cell
key function of rod photoreceptors is to:
detect colors
detect fine details in the visual field.
detect light under low levels of illumination.
detect light under high levels of illumination.
During phototransduction, transducin activates phosphodiesterase (PDE) that
converts:
GTP to GDP
CGMP to GMP
retinal cis to retinal trans
retinal trans to retinal cis
Chapter 33 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 33 - The pain of heartburn is an example of a ___ . a....Ch. 33 - ___ is defined as a decrease in the response to an...Ch. 33 - Which is a somatic sensation? a. taste b. smell c....Ch. 33 - Chemoreceptors play a role in the sense of ___ ....Ch. 33 - In the ___, neurons are arranged like maps that...Ch. 33 - Mechanoreceptors in the ___ send signal, to the...Ch. 33 - The middle ear functions in__________. a....Ch. 33 - Prob. 8SQCh. 33 - Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to...Ch. 33 - Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to...
Ch. 33 - Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to...Ch. 33 - Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to...Ch. 33 - The organ of Corti contains receptors that signal...Ch. 33 - Night vision begins with stimulation of ___ . a....Ch. 33 - Visual accommodation involves adjustment to the...Ch. 33 - When you view a close object, your lens gets ___ ....Ch. 33 - Defective or missing ___ cause mJor blindness. a....Ch. 33 - ___ causes the pupil to widen. a. Low light b....Ch. 33 - Match each structure with its description. _____...Ch. 33 - Like other nocturnal carnivores, the ferret shown...Ch. 33 - A compound extracted from the leaves of the shrub...Ch. 33 - Most bats eat insects or fruit. Vampire bats,...Ch. 33 - Prob. 4CT
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- Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second), The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue). a 50-year-old carpenter (red), arid a 50-year-ofd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 1. Which sound frequency was most easily detected by all three people?arrow_forwardThe function of the vertebrate eye is unusual compared with other processes found within the body. For example, the direction in which sensory information flows is actually opposite to the path that light takes through the retina. Explain the sequence of events involved in the movement of light and information through the structures of the eye and explain why they move in opposite directions. Compare this sequence to the functioning of the Mollusk eye.arrow_forwardHow are Ca2+ channels involved in phototransduction? they cause neurotransmitter release even if no action potentials are produced are not affected by PDE activation in the outer segments when open, they lead to hyperpolarization in photoreceptors in darkness, they do not rely on CGMP levels The density of cones in the retina: is highest where cone outer segments increase in diameter is lowest where retinal blood vessels are absent is drastically less than that of rods in the fovea is indicative of what areas are associated with acuity The recycling of rhodopsin.arrow_forward
- Include a 5-10 sentence explanation of how the sheep’s eye senses light and relays that data to the brain to interpret visual information. Some pieces to consider: What path does the light travel? What structures and pigments does it interact with? How does the signal travel to the brain? Where in the brain is the data processed? How is this different in the high light vs low light? How might the sheep’s vision differ from our own?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the best explanation of why it is difficult to discriminate the color of an object at night? Rods contain a single visual pigment. As many as 100 cones may converge on one ganglion cell. Cones come in three types, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light. The fovea are densely packed with cones.arrow_forwardWhich is the correct order of passing information of light stimuli among cells in the retina? ganglion cell bipolar cells → photoreceptor photoreceptor amacrine cells ganglion cell horizontal cell photoreceptor ganglion cell photoreceptor → bipolar cells → ganglion cellarrow_forward
- You discover that the convergence ratio for the photoreceptors in the Zerons is opposite to that of humans, i.e the convergence ratio for rods is lower and the convergence ratio of cones is higher. The site and distribution of the photoreceptors is the same as in humans. Question: What might be true for Zerons vision? The images formed in the dark are sharper than those formed in light The central parts of their visual field aren't as sharp as the peripheral parts of their visual fields. They are better at forming color contrasts in images They have poor differentiation between black and whitearrow_forwardBloodhounds, which are adept at following a scent trail evendays old, have no more olfactory receptor genes than other dogs.Predict how the sensory and nervous systems of bloodhoundsdiffer from those of other dogs in ways that contribute to theirtracking abilityarrow_forwardA Physician Assistant student on clinical attachment in the Northern part of Ghana noted a high incidence of people reporting difficulty with night vision which has been due to lack of vitamin A in their diet. Explain why deficiency of vitamin A causes poor night vision or night blindness.arrow_forward
- Human color vision is "produced" by the nervous system based on how three different cone receptors interact with photons oflight in the eye. These three different types of cones interact with photons of different frequency light, as indicated in the following chart:arrow_forwardcolor blindness can result from the loss of specific types of cons or it can occur in individuals having fewer cones of a given type.an individual has 50% lesss than the normal number of green cone photoreceptors in his retina how would this affect his visionarrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/l_3-D1) to learn more about how the brain perceives 3-D motion. Similar to how retinal disparity offers 3-D moviegoers a way to extract 3-D information from the two-dimensional visual field projected onto the retina, the brain can extract information about movement in space by comparing what the two eyes see. If movement of a visual stimulus is leftward in one eye and rightward in the opposite eye, the brain interprets this as movement toward (or away) from the face along the midline. If both eyes see an object moving in the same direction, but at different rates, what would that mean for spatial movement?arrow_forward
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