Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 32.4, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? Ø Suppose ctenophores are basal metazoans and sponges are the sister group of all remaining animals. Under this hypothesis, redraw Figure 32.11 and discuss whether animals with tissues would form a clade.
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See attached. 1. Which pair of animals in numbers 1-3 belongs to a common ancestral group? Explain your answer.2. Fossils and anatomical records both provide pieces of evidence of evolution. How do you determine the age of fossils of an Aurorazhdarcho micronyx and an Archeopterix?
Tree Thinking Review
Draw a bracketed phylogenetic tree of the following groups on the next blank page:
• Peat Moss
• Capybara
•
Ostrich Fern
• Blobfish
• White Pine Tree
• Protists
• Escheria coli
•
Mexico Whiptail Lizard
•
Sunflower Sea Star
• Bold Jumping Spider
• T. Rex
•
Flatworm
• Apple Tree
•
Archaea
• Chanterelle Mushroom
Grasshopper Sparrow
After you draw your tree, label where the following traits would have evolved. Consider
that traits may have evolved more than one time.
• Chloroplasts
• Seeds
• Endosperm
• Flowers
• Vascular Tissue
• Mitochondria
Segmentation
• Central Nervous System
• Notochord
• Vertebrae
• Nucleus
• Membrane Bound Organelles
• Peptidoglycans
• Cranium
Fur
• Lactation
• Feathers
Jaws
• Hollow Dorsal Nerve Cord
Differentiate analogous structures from homologous types.
Identify which is which among the shark, pigeon and cat when you transition from each of the classes. For this, create a 4-column table with the following headings: (1) Structure, (2) Specimen a vs b, (3) Specimen b vs c, and (4) Specimen c vs a. For each cell, write either AS for analogous structures, or HS for homologous types. Note (not all structures encountered need to be here).
Chapter 32 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 32.1 - Summarize the main stages of animal development....Ch. 32.1 - WHAT IF? What animal characteristics would be...Ch. 32.2 - Put the following milestones in animal evolution...Ch. 32.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 32.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Evaluate whether the origin of...Ch. 32.3 - Distinguish the terms grade and clade.Ch. 32.3 - Compare three aspects of the early development of...Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 32.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 32.4 - WHAT IF? Suppose ctenophores are basal metazoans...
Ch. 32.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 32 - Prob. 32.1CRCh. 32 - What caused ihe Cambrian exploston? Describe...Ch. 32 - Describe how body plans provide useful Information...Ch. 32 - Prob. 32.4CRCh. 32 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 32 - The distinction between sponges and other animal...Ch. 32 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 32 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 32 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION A professor begins a lecture...Ch. 32 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA Redraw the...Ch. 32 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Animal life...Ch. 32 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This organism is an...
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- Give typed explanation of both otherwise leave itarrow_forwardGymnospermae 100 200 Amphibia 050 100 150 200 Aranea 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups. Question 5. In which animal group(s) is there a strong positive relationship between species richness and clade age? Question 6. What is the relationship between species richness and clade age in mammals? Log (richness) Log (richness) Log (richness) Angiospermae 0 100 Actinopterygii ● ● ● T 200 300 400 Squamata 0 0 100 200 2. 0 2 0 300 6 4 2 2 0 10 2 0 Pteridophyta 200 0 100 Mammalia ●00 000000 0 25 50 75 Coleoptera 300 0 2 0 0 100 Aves 0 Chondricthyes 200 300 0 25 50 75 100 Dipteraarrow_forwardWhy are simpler structures considered ancestral when we study phylogeny? * 1 point Complex structures often evolve from simpler ones. Time element is a major consideration. The presence of a character state among some members of a lineage and an outgroup indicates that the character is ancestral. Simpler structures were more likely to be found in fossil records.arrow_forward
- GQ#14: Tiktaalik and Protarchaeopteryx are examples of transitional forms. In paleontology, what does transitional form mean?arrow_forwardList one similarity and one difference between the groups listed below. It is not acceptable to use membership (or the lack thereof) in a particular taxon as an answer. If a term appears in parentheses below the pair, both your answers must be related to that term (e.g. if the term says "structure" your answer must relate to anatomy). • Pseudocoelomate animal & coelomate animal Similarity Differencearrow_forwardDraw a phylogenetic tree depicting our current understanding of the animal phylogeny. Include the major groups of animals at the tips of your tree: Deuterostomia, Protostomia, Lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa, Porifera, and Cnidaria. Additionally, label the common ancestor of all animals, indicate which groups are considered invertebrates, and indicate where the vertebrates fit within the phylogeny. Write on your tree where the following characteristics arose as evolutionary innovations: multicellularity, true tissues, radial and bilateral symmetry, animals with 2 germ layers and animals with 3 germ layers.arrow_forward
- C. Phylogenetic tree Interpretation. Salamander Lizard - Perch Hagfish Mouse Chimp Pigeon, Feathers Fur; mammary glands Claws or nails Lungs Jaws 1. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have fur and mammary glands? 2. Which organisms in the cladogram in figure 1 have jaws? 3. Based on the cladogram, which shared a common ancestor most recently----a mouse and a lizard or a mouse and a perch? 4. Which two organisms would you expect to have a closer matching DNA sequence for a gene that doesn't matter in terms of natural selection?--Hagfish and Pigeon or Hagfish and Salamander?arrow_forwardPlease solvearrow_forwardThe Cambrian explosion is a conundrum: how can the long prior history of the phyla, revealed by molecular divergence, be reconciled with their absence, and then sudden appearance, in the fossil record?arrow_forward
- Contrast the field of systematics with that of taxonomy and phylogenetics. How is systematics defined? How is taxonomy and phylogenetics similar or different from systematics? How did the systematic placement of Calostoma change our understanding of this taxon, in regards to the study Phylogeny of Calostoma, the gelatinous-stalked puffball, based on nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences by Hughey and colleagues?arrow_forwardINTERPRET DATA Imagine that you discover a new animal in a rain forest. It has an elongated, segmented body with bristles, and it has no obvious head. Where would youplace this animal in the accompanying cladogram? Support your decision. Look at the more detailed cladogram inFigure 30-6a (in Chapter 30). What additional characteristicswould help you place your animal in this cladogram? Explainyour decision-making process.arrow_forwardPlease answer all questionsarrow_forward
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Phylogeny and the Tree of Life; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLMn4XwS8Tw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY