EBK BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 8220103600774
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 32, Problem 1SA
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
A skeletal system comprises bones, ligament, and cartilage that help an individual in movement and locomotion. Muscles are attached to the skeletal system, which helps in generating the movement. Skeletal system also protects the soft organs of the body.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1SA
Correct answer:
A hydrostatic skeletal system consist of a fluid-filled chamber or chambers. Hence, the correct answer is option a.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
Option a. is given as “chamber or chambers.”
Hydrostatic skeletal system is present in soft-bodied invertebrates such as worms and sea anemones. A hydrostatic skeletal is made up of fluid-filled internal chambers. For example, the coelom of an earthworm is divided into many fluid-filled chambers. These chambers help in movement of invertebrates.
Reason for incorrect answer:
Option b. is given as, “hardened plates at the surface of the body.”
An exoskeleton is made up of hard plates at the external part of the body. The exoskeleton is present in arthropods. The hard external shell receives the force of muscle contraction and protects the soft body tissue of the arthropods. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “internal hard plates.”
An endoskeleton consists of internal hard plates. Endoskeleton is present in echinoderms. For example, the endoskeleton of sea stars consists of hardened calcium-rich plates. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Hence, the options b. and c. are incorrect.
Conclusion
A hydrostatic chamber is made up of a fluid-filled chamber. Hydrostatic skeletal is present in earthworms. Thus, the correct option is c.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
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Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
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MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 32 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
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