Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3.15, Problem 1MQ
Summary Introduction
The cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria are composed of lipids. Lipids are considered as the carbon and the energy reserves of the organisms. Fatty acids are considered as the backbone of microbial lipids. The fatty acids are found only eukarya and bacteria and not in archaea.
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Draw the structure of the a-keto acid formed by removal of the amino group during the catabolism of leucine.
Note: Reference the Naturally-occurring amino acids table for additional information.
Click and drag to start drawing a
structure.
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Write the fatty acid synthesis steps sequentially.
Describe the biosynthesis of fatty acids.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 3.1 - Which four chemical elements make up the bulk of a...Ch. 3.1 - Which two classes of macromolecules contain most...Ch. 3.1 - Differentiate between trace metals and growth...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.2 - Compare and contrast simple transporters, the...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.2 - Cells of Escherichia coli transport lactose via...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.3 - Prob. 1CR
Ch. 3.4 - What is free energy?Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.4 - Using Table 3.2, calculate G0 for the reaction...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.7 - How much free energy is released when ATP is...Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.8 - Which reactions in glycolysis are redox steps?Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.8 - How is ATP made in fermentation and in...Ch. 3.9 - How many molecules of CO2, NADH, and FADH2 are...Ch. 3.9 - What two major roles do the citric acid cycle and...Ch. 3.9 - Why is the glyoxylate cycle necessary for growth...Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.10 - Which electron carriers described in this section...Ch. 3.10 - List some of the key electron carriers found in...Ch. 3.11 - How do electron transport reactions generate the...Ch. 3.11 - How much energy is released per NADH oxidized...Ch. 3.11 - What structure in the cell links the proton motive...Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 3.12 - What is the major difference between aerobic...Ch. 3.13 - What form of activated glucose is used in the...Ch. 3.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.13 - What functions does the pentose phosphate pathway...Ch. 3.13 - What is the importance of the enzyme...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.14 - List the steps required for the cell to...Ch. 3.14 - Which nitrogen bases are purines and which are...Ch. 3.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 3.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 3.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 3.15 - Describe the process by which a fatty acid such as...Ch. 3 - Using the data of Figure 3.10, predict the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2AQ
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- Draw the structure of the a-keto acid formed by removal of the amino group during the catabolism of leucine. Note: Reference the Naturally-occurring amino acids table for additional information. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. xarrow_forwardUsing the figure below, determine the metabolic intermediate(s) directly produced from the carbon atoms of each of the following amino acids. Check all that apply for each part. alanine, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, Part 1 of 2 Valine leucine, lysine, glycine, serine, pyruvate threonine, tryptophan threonine, tryptophan phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine acetyl CoA acetoacetyl CoA (CH,COCH,COSCA) asparagine, aspartic acid oxaloacetate citrate malate isocitrate Citric acid cycle phenylalanine, tyrosine fumarate Part 2 of 2 Asparagine fumarate acetoacetyl CoA pyruvate oxaloacetate succinyl CoA a-ketoglutarate acetyl CoA None of the above fumarate acetoacetyl CoA pyruvate oxaloacetate succinyl CoA a-ketoglutarate acetyl CoA None of the above a-ketoglutarate arginine, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine, proline K succinate succinyl CoA isoleucine, methionine, threonine, valinearrow_forwardExplain why the CIS form is the predominant confiiguration of unsaturated fatty acids?arrow_forward
- Propose a reaction mechanism for the condensation of an acetyl unit with a malonyl unit to form an acetoacetyl unit in fatty acid synthesis.arrow_forwardPalmitic acid is a straight-chain saturated 16-carbon fatty acid. How many moles of malonyl-CoA are required for the synthesis of one mole of palmitic acid?arrow_forwardProvide an illustration showing the broken down of C7 fatty acid into its corresponding end products. What are the products being generated and how much of these products are generated from C7 fatty acids? Briefly explain it.arrow_forward
- Butter can become rancid as a result of hydrolysis by microorganism. Which of the fatty acids are responsible for the bad odor associated with rancidity?arrow_forwardConsider the complete oxidation of a mixed TAG containing the following fatty acid residues:At carbon 1: cerotic acidAt carbon 2: heptadecanoic acidAt carbon 3: palmitoleic acid Draw the structure of the mixed TAG.arrow_forwardWhen a 23 Carbon fatty acid is metabolized, what is the total number of (GROSS) ATP produced ?arrow_forward
- How many tritium atoms (PH) are incorporated into palmitate when fatty acid synthesis is carried out in vitro with the following labeled substrate? -ooc-C°H,-C-s-CoAarrow_forwardMost aminotransferases use which α-ketoacid as their amino group acceptor? A、α-ketoglutarate B、Pyruvate C、α-ketoglutamate D、alanine E、Oxaloacetatearrow_forwardOne example of a stage 2 reaction in the heterotrophic breakdown of food molecules is: the extracellular digestion of amylopectin into glucose monomers the intramitochondrial digestion of fatty acids into carbon dioxide and water the intracellular digestion of glucose monomers into pyruvate the extracellular digestion of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol the extracellular digestion of polypeptides into amino acids Identify the three-carbon glycolysis intermediate which can be formed, in the cytoplasm, in one enzymatic step (during deamination of the amino acid alanine)? pyruvate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate fructose glucose-6-phosphate glucosearrow_forward
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