Chapter 31, Problem 7A

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Imprinting is a basic and extremely specialized form of learning that happens at a specific age or stage of life during the growth of certain animals, like ducks and geese.

Answer to Problem 7A

The correct answer is Option (a) Salmon returning to the water in which they hatched to spawn.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) Salmon returning to the water in which they hatched to spawn. Salmons go back to the stream where they were 'born' because they know it's a safe place to spawn; they do not spend time hunting. Scientists believe the salmon navigate by using the Earth's magnetic field as a compass. Also due to the chemical composition in water where they are hatched, the salmon use this imprint to return to this location when it is the time for their spawn and thus forms an example for Imprinting.

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (b) a rat learning to press a lever to get food- This is an example of operant Conditioning because the rat is associating the lever to get the food. Thus, this answer is incorrect.

Option (c) a baby lion learning how to hunt- this is an example of learning behavior. Learning is a behavioral adjustment that happens as a result of training, and learning habits are typically less static than inherited patterns. One of the best ways that animals learn is by habituation, where animals minimize the duration of action in response to repetitive stimuli. Thus, this answer is incorrect.

Option (d) baby birds getting used to seeing objects- this is an example of innate behavior as the innate chirping sound is for the parents who responses back by feeding them. Thus, this answer is incorrect.

Conclusion

Salmon returning to the water in which they hatched to spawn is an example of Imprinting. So the correct answer is Option (a).