Chapter 31, Problem 12A

Summary Introduction

To write:

The Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning.

Introduction:

Classical conditioning is the learning of involuntary responses that resulted from the experiences happened before a response. Operant conditioning is the learning in the behavior as a result of experiences happened after a response.

Explanation of Solution

Classical conditioning involves involuntary response while operant conditioning is a voluntary behavior. The learner is also rewarded with incentives in Operant conditioning whereas not in classical conditioning.

The stimulus that precedes a behavior varies in orderto modify that behavior in classical conditioning and the consequences such behavior vary to alter the behavior in Operant conditioning.

Conclusion

Classical conditioning occurs while learning to associate two different stimuli. No behavior is involved. The stimulus here is the unconditioned stimulus that produces a response without any previous learning.

Operant conditioning involves changing voluntary behaviors. A behavior response is followed. Behavior might increase or decrease depending upon the behavior followed by reinforcement or punishment.