Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text, Hybrid (with Enhanced WebAssign Printed Access Card)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305586871
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 31, Problem 39P
(a)
To determine
The electrical charge of the quark composition.
(b)
To determine
The electrical charge of the quark composition.
(c)
To determine
The names of the baryons.
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The range of the nuclear strong force is believed to be about 1.2 x 10-15 m. An early theory of nuclear physics proposed that the particle that “mediates” the strong force (similar to the photon mediating the electromagnetic force) is the pion. Assume that the pion moves at the speed of light in the nucleus, and calculate the time ∆t it takes to travel between nucleons. Assume that the distance between nucleons is also about 1.2 x 10-15 m. Use this time ∆t to calculate the energy ∆E for which energy conservation is violated during the time ∆t. This ∆E has been used to estimate the mass of the pion. What value do you determine for the mass? Compare this value with the measured value of 135 MeV/c2 for the neutral pion.
The quark compositions of the proton and neutron are, respectively, uud and udd, where u is an up quark (charge + 2/3 e) and d is a down quark (charge - 1/3 e). There are also antiup u (charge - 2/3 e) and antidown d (charge + 1/3 e) quarks. The combination of a quark and an antiquark is called a meson. The mesons known as pions have the composition π+ = ud- and π- = u-d. Suppose a proton collides with an antineutron. During such collisions, the various quarks and antiquarks annihilate whenever possible. When the remaining quarks combine to form a single particle, it is aA. Proton B. Neutron C. π+ D. π-
Provide the answers in 90 minutes, and count as 2 questions if needed.
Chapter 31 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text, Hybrid (with Enhanced WebAssign Printed Access Card)
Ch. 31.2 - Given the identification of the particles in...Ch. 31.5 - Prob. 31.2QQCh. 31.5 - Prob. 31.3QQCh. 31.5 - Prob. 31.4QQCh. 31.9 - Prob. 31.5QQCh. 31 - Prob. 1OQCh. 31 - Prob. 2OQCh. 31 - Prob. 3OQCh. 31 - Prob. 4OQCh. 31 - Prob. 5OQ
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- An unstable particle, initially at rest, decays into a proton (rest energy 938.3 MeV) and a negative pion (rest energy 139.5 MeV). A uniform magnetic field of 0.250 T exists perpendicular to the velocities of the created particles. The radius of curvature of each track is found to be 1.33 m. What is the rest mass of the original unstable particle?arrow_forward(a) Verify from its quark composition that the particle could be an excited state of the proton. (b) There is a spread of about 100 MeV in the decay energy of the interpreted as uncertainty due to its short lifetime. What is its approximate lifetime? (c) Does its decay proceed via the strong or weak force?arrow_forward(a) Do all particles having strangeness also have at least one strange quark in them? (b) Do all hadrons with a strange quark also have nonzero strangeness?arrow_forward
- (a) What particle has the quark composition u-u-d? (b) What should its decay made be?arrow_forward(a) Three quarks form a baryon. How many combinations of the six known quarks are there if all combinations are possible? (b) This number is less than the number of known baryons. Explain why.arrow_forwardThe primary decay mode for the negative pion is +v . (a) What is the energy release in MeV in this decay? (b) Using conservation of momentum, how much energy does each of the decay products receive, given the is at rest when it decays? You may assume the muon antineutrino is massless and has momentum p = E/c , just like a photon.arrow_forward
- The K0 meson is an uncharged member of the particle “zoo” that decays into two charged pions according to K0 → π+ + π−. The pions have opposite charges, as indicated, and the same mass, mπ = 140 MeV/c2. Suppose that a K0 at rest decays into two pions in a bubble chamber in which a magnetic field of 2.0 T is present (see Fig. P2.22). If the radius of curvature of the pions is 34.4 cm, find (a) the momenta and speeds of the pions and (b) the mass of the K0 meson.arrow_forward(a) Find the charge, baryon number, strangeness, charm, and bottomness of the particle from its quark composition. (b) Do the same for the particle.arrow_forward(a) Show that the conjectured decay of the proton, violates conservation of baryon number and conservation of lepton number. (b) What is the analogous decay process for the antiproton?arrow_forward
- Check Your Understanding What is the baryon number of a pion?arrow_forward(a) Estimate the mass of the luminous matter in the known universe, given there are 1011 galaxies, each containing 1011 stars of average mass 1.5 times that of our Sun. (b) How many protons (the most abundant nuclide) are there in this mates? (c) Estimate the total number of particles in the observable universe by multiplying the answer to (b) by two, since there is an electron for each proton, and then by 109, since there are far more particles (such as photons and neutrinos) in space than in luminous matter.arrow_forwardA pion at rest (m = 273me) decays to a muon (m = 207me) and an antineutrino (mp 0). The reaction is written + v. Find (a) the kinetic energy of the muon and (b) the energy of the antineutrino in electron volts.arrow_forward
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