Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text, Hybrid (with Enhanced WebAssign Printed Access Card)
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text, Hybrid (with Enhanced WebAssign Printed Access Card)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305586871
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 31, Problem 43P
To determine

The factor by which the distance between remote galaxies increase in the future.

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Consider a universe where Big Bang nucleosynthesis produced significantly more 4He than 1H. Estimate the observed redshift, z, of the Cosmic Radiation Background (CMB) by an observer that observes the CMB to have a blackbody temperature of 2.715 K. Assume this universe has Ob = 0. 0486, QDM = O. 2588 and QA = 0. 6911
Many galaxies appear to have supermassive black holes in their centers powering active galactic nuclei (also called AGN). The Schwarzschild radius of these supermassive black holes can be estimated in part by watching for changes in the brightness of the surrounding AGN and measuring the timescale of those changes. Assume we observe an AGN and determine it varies with a timescale of 9.85 minutes, which implies a Schwarzschild radius on the order of 1.77x1011 meters. Estimate the mass of this supermassive black hole. kg
Another commonly calculated velocity in galactic dynamics is the escape velocity vesc, that is the minimum velocity a star must have in order to escape the gravitational field of the galaxy. (a) Starting from the work required to move a body over a distance dr against f show that the escape velocity from a point mass galaxy is vsc = 2GM/r where r is your initial distance. (b) Since we know galaxies aren't actually point-masses, also show that vesc from r for a galaxy with a p(r) xr¯² density profile is vese that R is a cutoff radius at which the mass density is zero. = 2v(1+ ln(R/r)). Here you must assume (c) The largest velocity measured for any star in the solar neighbourhood, at r=8 kpc, is 440 km/s. Assuming that this star is still bound to the galaxy, find the lower limit (in kiloparsecs), to the cutoff radius R and a lower limit (in solar units) to the mass of the galaxy. Note the solar rotation velocity is 220 km/s.

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Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text, Hybrid (with Enhanced WebAssign Printed Access Card)

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