Mindtap Biology, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Solomon/martin/martin/berg's Biology, 11th
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337393096
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 31, Problem 17TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain: The way in which the exceptions in animal body plan that generally evolved from simple form to complex form.
Introduction: Animal phylogeny is the rapidly changing field for the biologists. Members of the animal kingdom are incredibly diverse. There are various animals sharing certain features that differentiate them from other organisms of the kingdom.
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As we progress through evolutionary time in the animal kingdom, certain
trends emerge. Which is NOT a general trend observable in animal
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A general trend towards having a true body cavity
A general trend towards asexual reproduction
A general trend towards increasing tissue and organ development
A general trend towards increasing cephalization
Looking at the present, the evolutionary relationships between extant species can be seen in the presence of body parts sharing a common basic design. These structures are descended from a common ancestor. Sometimes, structures which no longer serve their original function are found in modern species. What is this structure?
The forelimbs of the organisms in Figure 1 are examples of what type of structures?
What do these structures indicate about the evolution of the three organisms?
What would be an example of a structure analogous to the last structure?
How does the anatomy of the forelimbs show an evolutionary pattern?
Chapter 31 Solutions
Mindtap Biology, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Solomon/martin/martin/berg's Biology, 11th
Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 31.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 31.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 31.1 - connect What is the significance of choanocytes in...Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 31.1 - VISUALIZE Sketch the major events of the life...Ch. 31.1 - Prob. 4CCh. 31.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 31.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 31.2 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 31.2 - Prob. 7LOCh. 31.2 - Prob. 8LOCh. 31.2 - What are some advantages of cephalization and a...Ch. 31.2 - On what basis have biologists classified...Ch. 31.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 31.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 31.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 31.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 31.3 - Describe six key characteristics of arthropods,...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 12LOCh. 31.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 31.3 - Describe four key arthropod characteristics, and...Ch. 31.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 31.3 - Describe four adaptations that have contributed to...Ch. 31 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 31 - Which of the following is associated with the...Ch. 31 - Trochophore larvae are characteristic of (a)...Ch. 31 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 31 - An open circulatory system (a) is characteristic...Ch. 31 - Which of the following characteristics is...Ch. 31 - Trilobites (a) were early mollusks (b) are...Ch. 31 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 31 - The correct sequence of complete metamorphosis of...Ch. 31 - Test Your Understanding 12. VISUALIZE Draw a cross...Ch. 31 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 31 - INTERPRET DATA Imagine that you discover a new...Ch. 31 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 17TYUCh. 31 - Prob. 18TYUCh. 31 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY international...
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- Based on phylogeny and history of evolution, do new anatomical features such as lungs (amphibians) arise de novo or came from pre-existing structures of their ancestors (like gills of fish)? Explain.arrow_forwardDescribe the following general characteristics can be used to distinguish among Animal phyla: a. Embryonic germ layers b. Digestive system c. Presence/absence of body cavity (coelom) d. Skeletal supportarrow_forwardIn vertebrates, what anatomical structure partially or completely replaces the notochord? 1.) lateral-line system 2.) cartilage or a bony skeleton 3.) endostyle 4.) dorsal hallow nerve cordarrow_forward
- Explain how a cladistic classification for the vertebrates produces important regroupings of the traditional vertebrate taxa (refer to Figure 23.2). Why are Agnatha and Reptilia, as traditionally recognized, inconsistent with cladistic principles?arrow_forwardWhich of the following pieces of evidence would best support the argument that humans are more evolutionarily related to fish than they are to insects? All these organisms require oxygen to survive. The earliest fish fossils are found in the lowest strata of sedimentary rocks, followed by insects, and then humans. The early stages of embryo development in fish and humans look strikingly similar while insects develop very differently compared to both fish and humans. Fossils of ancient fish and human ancestors have been discovered in the same sedimentary rock layers.arrow_forwardYou have the chance to use the very first time-machine created by humans. You volunteer to travel 520 million years back in time to collect coastal marine animals. The first organism you encounter is unusual looking and does not resemble any extant organism you know. You notice that the body is segmented, and the segments are not identical. You also notice that the organism has well developed eyes and one pair of long antennae. Their jointed appendages are branched but unequal in size and have various shapes. Moreover, the body appears to be rigid and covered dorsally with numerous spines. Try to classify this organism (e.g., its phylum) based on its appearance and describe its symmetry. Then speculate on its ecology, likely life history (reproduction), and key developmental features. The second organism that you encounter is fixed to the substrate, firm, and has fan shape with finger like projections. It is brightly colored. As you observe it, a few branches of the fan break off. You…arrow_forward
- Most animals show derived characteristics (character states) that differentiate them from their common ancestor (ancestral character state). However, evolution can also move in reverse, involving the change of a derived character state back to an ancestral state. Provide two examples from invertebrates of such ‘reverse evolution’ from a derived state (specialized state) back to a more ancestral character state. Make sure to use examples provided in this class. Provide two examples from invertebrates of such ‘reverse evolution’ from a derived state (specialized state) back to a more ancestral character state. Make sure to use examples provided in this class.arrow_forwardFrom this lab, one might conclude that certain trends can be detected, trends from ancestral features (those that arose early in the evolution of animals) to more derived traits (those that arose later). However, animals with ancestral characteristics still successfully exist on Earth today. Why is this so? Why have the animals with derived traits not completely replaced the ones with ancestral traits? Use examples from the lab to illustrate your answer. examples cephalochordata jawless fishes jawed fishes tetrapods ratarrow_forwardSome advocates of the view that all organisms were created simultaneously by God argue that vestigial structures do not constitute evidence of evolution, because they show only that a divinely created structure can degenerate over time. According to this view, human tailbones are not evidence of evolution because they do not show that an adaptive improvement has occurred. Is this a valid argument?arrow_forward
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