Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780133909029
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 30, Problem 8TYK
What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?
a. Its binding to a regulatory protein causes the protein to move, exposing actin binding sites to the myosin heads.
b. It provides energy for contraction.
c. It blocks contraction when the muscle relaxes.
d. It forms the heads of the myosin molecules in the thick filaments inside a muscle fiber.
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Which is a false statement about skeletal muscle structure?a. A myofibril is composed of multiple muscle fibers.b. Most skeletal muscles attach to bones by connective-tissue tendons.c. Each end of a thick filament is surrounded by six thin filaments.d. A cross-bridge is a portion of the myosin molecule.e. Thin filaments contain actin, tropomyosin, and troponin.
What might happen if skeletal muscle lacked tropomyosin?
A.
The striation pattern would disappear.
B.
Ca2+ levels in the muscle would decrease.
C.
Actin and myosin would not be able to form cross-bridges.
D.
Acetylcholine would not be released into the synaptic cleft.
E.
Myosin and actin would form cross-bridges whenever ATP is available.
What does ATP binding to myosin head triggers?
a.
Its association with microtubules
b.
Its dissociation from actin microfilament
c.
Conformational change and rotation of myosin head
d.
Its association with actin microfilament
Chapter 30 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
Ch. 30 - Complete this concept map on animal movement.Ch. 30 - A humans internal organs are protected mainly by...Ch. 30 - Arm muscles and leg muscles are arranged in...Ch. 30 - Gravity would have the least effect on the...Ch. 30 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 30 - When a dog is running fast, its body position is...Ch. 30 - What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?...Ch. 30 - Muscle A and muscle B have the same number of...Ch. 30 - Prob. 10TYK
Ch. 30 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 30 - Describe how you bend your arm, starting with...Ch. 30 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 30 - Drugs are often used to relax muscles during...Ch. 30 - An earthworms body consists of a number of...Ch. 30 - When a person dies, muscles become rigid and fixed...Ch. 30 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Imagine you have a friend who...
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- What structure on a muscle fiber is composed of largely two varieties of contractile proteins--actin and myosin--which slide past each other during muscle activity to bring about shortening or contraction of muscle cells? A. myofilament B. sarcoplasmic reticulum C. transverse tububle D. sarcomeresarrow_forwardWhat do skeletal muscle contractions share in common with smooth muscle contractions?a. Both types of contractions do not require calcium ions for a contraction to occur.b. Both types of contractions generate little force or a weak force.c. Both types of contractions consume very little ATP.d. Both types of contractions result from thick and thin filaments sliding past one another.arrow_forwardWhich is most accurate with regard to the phrase "muscle fiber"? A. Muscle fibers technically only refer to actin protein filaments B. muscle fibers are often called "cells" but actually they are many cells fused into a long tubular structure. C. muscle fibers are also called fascicles which are bundles of many muscle cells D. Muscle fibers are the same as myofibril organelles, packed into each cellarrow_forward
- On the molecular level, why does lifting weights consume energy? A. To contract a muscle, acetylcholine binds and pulls calcium ions. ATP binding and hydrolysis are required in the cycle of acetylcholine and calcium-binding and unbinding. B. To contract a muscle, myosin and actin filaments shorten, requiring ATP binding and hydrolysis. O C. To contract a muscle, myosin binds and pulls actin, ATP binding and hydrolysis are required in the cycle of myosin and actin-binding and unbinding. D. To contract a muscle, acetylcholine and calcium filaments shorten, requiring ATP binding and hydrolysis.arrow_forwardWhat is the role of ATP in muscle function? a. ATP provides energy that enables myosin to form cross bridges with actin. b. ATP enables myosin to detach from actin. c. ATP provides energy to transport calcium back into storage. d. all of the abovearrow_forwardWhere is ATP's energy used during crossbridge cycling? A. When ATP attaches to myosin and causes myosin to pull on actin ("pull" step) B. When ATP attaches to myosin and causes myosin to attach to actin ("grab" step) C. When ATP splits and pushes myosin back into the "cocked" position ("reset" step) D. When ATP attaches to actin and causes actin and myosin to separate ("release" step)arrow_forward
- What happens in a muscle twitch?a. Myosin grabs a thick myofilament.b. Sarcomeres shorten during the contraction phase.c. ATP is put back in the sarcoplasmic reticulum during the refractory phase.d. A threshold stimulus must be reached before anything will happen.e. Thin myofilaments are pulled toward the center of a sarcomere.arrow_forwardThe primary role of calcium in skeletal muscle contraction? Select one: a. Cause depolarization of the sarcolemma b. Cross-bridge cycle between actin and myosin C. Provides energy necessary for contraction d. Causes muscle relaxation e. Regulate ionic composition of the cellarrow_forwardWhat happens at a neuromuscular junction?a. An electrical impulse causes the release of a chemical.b. Acetylcholine is released by the muscle cell.c. Acetylcholinesterase is released from the nerve cell.d. A neurotransmitter is released.e. Acetylcholine fits into receptors on the muscle cell.arrow_forward
- Which statement about striated skeletal muscle is true? A. The tension generated by a muscle is invariable. B. Mechanical summation of twitches in a muscle fiber leads to a graded increase in the tension that is above that generated by a single twitch. C. A single action potential arriving at the neuromuscular junction is not sufficient to cause a muscle fiber to twitch. D. Muscle twitches are able to mechanically sum when Ca2+ is quickly and completely removed from the sarcoplasm between action potentials. E. An action potential in the muscle cell activates contraction by releasing Na+ into the sarcoplasm.arrow_forwardWhich protein is not part of the thin filament in a muscle fiber? A. Actin B. Myosin C. Tropomyosin D. Troponinarrow_forwardDuring which phase of the crossbridge cycle is ATP split into ADP and Pi? A. Immediately preceding the detachment of the myosin head B. Immediately preceding the resetting of the myosin head C. Immediately preceding the power strokearrow_forward
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