College Physics
College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 30, Problem 8CQ
To determine

Reason for colourlessness of mesons and baryons even though the quarks have three colours.

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In the theory of quantum chromodynamics, quarks come in three colors. How would you justify the statement, “All baryons and mesons are colorless”?
The range of the nuclear strong force is believed to be about 1.2 x 10-15 m. An early theory of nuclear physics proposed that the particle that “mediates” the strong force (similar to the photon mediating the electromagnetic force) is the pion. Assume that the pion moves at the speed of light in the nucleus, and calculate the time ∆t it takes to travel between nucleons. Assume that the distance between nucleons is also about 1.2 x 10-15 m. Use this time ∆t to calculate the energy ∆E for which energy conservation is violated during the time ∆t. This ∆E has been used to estimate the mass of the pion. What value do you determine for the mass? Compare this value with the measured value of 135 MeV/c2 for the neutral pion.
Edwin Hubble observed that the light from very distant galaxies was redshifted and that the farther away a galaxy was, the greater its redshift. What does this say about very distant galaxies?   When Hubble first estimated the Hubble constant, galaxy distances were still very uncertain, and he got a value for H of about 600 km/s per Mpc. What would this have implied about the age of the universe? What problems would this have presented for cosmologists?
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