Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The stepwise mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The removal of two substituents from a molecule either in one step or in two steps is called an elimination reaction.
The general steps involved in acid catalyzed reaction are as follows:
• First step is the protonation of alcohol group.
• The second step is the removal of
• The third step is the deprotonation.
(b)
Interpretation: The conversion of X into
Concept introduction: Ring-flipping converts equatorial bonds into axial bonds and axial bonds into equatorial bonds. The reduction of
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