Why an individual may get a common cold or twice a year but measles was a one time-occurrence? Introduction: There is a wide range of airborne viral diseases such as measles, mumps, chicken pox, and rubella can affect humans. Measles induces systemic infections and also induce a variety of serious problems, such as pneumonia, inner ear infections, and encephalomyelitis. Measles may last for a week with cough, fever, and a rash may persist. The respiratory diseases range from mild, self-limiting, like common cold to lethal entities such as pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, acute asthma, and bacterial pneumonia.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 1AQ

Summary Introduction

To describe:

Why an individual may get a common cold or twice a year but measles was a one time-occurrence?

Introduction:

There is a wide range of airborne viral diseases such as measles, mumps, chicken pox, and rubella can affect humans. Measles induces systemic infections and also induce a variety of serious problems, such as pneumonia, inner ear infections, and encephalomyelitis. Measles may last for a week with cough, fever, and a rash may persist.

The respiratory diseases range from mild, self-limiting, like common cold to lethal entities such as pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, acute asthma, and bacterial pneumonia.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Cold is considered as a common respiratory illness due to its rapid onset. The causative agent of common cold is Rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses are single stranded plus-sense RNA viruses and they are a genus of the Picornaviridae family. There are other viruses that can cause cold in humans, such as Coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, Adenovirus, Orthomyxovirus, and respiratory syncytial viruses. Since a wide range of viruses causes the common cold the human defense system cannot able to develop immunity to all of them. Therefore, chances of getting cold is frequent.

In contrast, a single virus, called Paramyxovirus, causes the measles. Since, a single virus causes the disease; the human immune system may produce a lifelong immunity against that particular disease. Therefore, if an individual experienced measles, it may be a one-time occurrence.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

a. What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. b. What will happen to elimination of the drug in the previous question if the system is saturated? explain and show any math involved

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 1AQ

Summary Introduction

To describe:

Why an individual may get a common cold or twice a year but measles was a one time-occurrence?

Introduction:

There is a wide range of airborne viral diseases such as measles, mumps, chicken pox, and rubella can affect humans. Measles induces systemic infections and also induce a variety of serious problems, such as pneumonia, inner ear infections, and encephalomyelitis. Measles may last for a week with cough, fever, and a rash may persist.

The respiratory diseases range from mild, self-limiting, like common cold to lethal entities such as pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, acute asthma, and bacterial pneumonia.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Cold is considered as a common respiratory illness due to its rapid onset. The causative agent of common cold is Rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses are single stranded plus-sense RNA viruses and they are a genus of the Picornaviridae family. There are other viruses that can cause cold in humans, such as Coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, Adenovirus, Orthomyxovirus, and respiratory syncytial viruses. Since a wide range of viruses causes the common cold the human defense system cannot able to develop immunity to all of them. Therefore, chances of getting cold is frequent.

In contrast, a single virus, called Paramyxovirus, causes the measles. Since, a single virus causes the disease; the human immune system may produce a lifelong immunity against that particular disease. Therefore, if an individual experienced measles, it may be a one-time occurrence.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 1AQ

Summary Introduction

To describe:

Why an individual may get a common cold or twice a year but measles was a one time-occurrence?

Introduction:

There is a wide range of airborne viral diseases such as measles, mumps, chicken pox, and rubella can affect humans. Measles induces systemic infections and also induce a variety of serious problems, such as pneumonia, inner ear infections, and encephalomyelitis. Measles may last for a week with cough, fever, and a rash may persist.

The respiratory diseases range from mild, self-limiting, like common cold to lethal entities such as pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, acute asthma, and bacterial pneumonia.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Cold is considered as a common respiratory illness due to its rapid onset. The causative agent of common cold is Rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses are single stranded plus-sense RNA viruses and they are a genus of the Picornaviridae family. There are other viruses that can cause cold in humans, such as Coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, Adenovirus, Orthomyxovirus, and respiratory syncytial viruses. Since a wide range of viruses causes the common cold the human defense system cannot able to develop immunity to all of them. Therefore, chances of getting cold is frequent.

In contrast, a single virus, called Paramyxovirus, causes the measles. Since, a single virus causes the disease; the human immune system may produce a lifelong immunity against that particular disease. Therefore, if an individual experienced measles, it may be a one-time occurrence.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 1AQ

Summary Introduction

To describe:

Why an individual may get a common cold or twice a year but measles was a one time-occurrence?

Introduction:

There is a wide range of airborne viral diseases such as measles, mumps, chicken pox, and rubella can affect humans. Measles induces systemic infections and also induce a variety of serious problems, such as pneumonia, inner ear infections, and encephalomyelitis. Measles may last for a week with cough, fever, and a rash may persist.

The respiratory diseases range from mild, self-limiting, like common cold to lethal entities such as pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, acute asthma, and bacterial pneumonia.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Cold is considered as a common respiratory illness due to its rapid onset. The causative agent of common cold is Rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses are single stranded plus-sense RNA viruses and they are a genus of the Picornaviridae family. There are other viruses that can cause cold in humans, such as Coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, Adenovirus, Orthomyxovirus, and respiratory syncytial viruses. Since a wide range of viruses causes the common cold the human defense system cannot able to develop immunity to all of them. Therefore, chances of getting cold is frequent.

In contrast, a single virus, called Paramyxovirus, causes the measles. Since, a single virus causes the disease; the human immune system may produce a lifelong immunity against that particular disease. Therefore, if an individual experienced measles, it may be a one-time occurrence.

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Answer 5

Chapter 30, Problem 1AQ

Summary Introduction

To describe:

Why an individual may get a common cold or twice a year but measles was a one time-occurrence?

Introduction:

There is a wide range of airborne viral diseases such as measles, mumps, chicken pox, and rubella can affect humans. Measles induces systemic infections and also induce a variety of serious problems, such as pneumonia, inner ear infections, and encephalomyelitis. Measles may last for a week with cough, fever, and a rash may persist.

The respiratory diseases range from mild, self-limiting, like common cold to lethal entities such as pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, acute asthma, and bacterial pneumonia.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Cold is considered as a common respiratory illness due to its rapid onset. The causative agent of common cold is Rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses are single stranded plus-sense RNA viruses and they are a genus of the Picornaviridae family. There are other viruses that can cause cold in humans, such as Coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, Adenovirus, Orthomyxovirus, and respiratory syncytial viruses. Since a wide range of viruses causes the common cold the human defense system cannot able to develop immunity to all of them. Therefore, chances of getting cold is frequent.

In contrast, a single virus, called Paramyxovirus, causes the measles. Since, a single virus causes the disease; the human immune system may produce a lifelong immunity against that particular disease. Therefore, if an individual experienced measles, it may be a one-time occurrence.

Answer 6

Chapter 30, Problem 1AQ

Summary Introduction

To describe:

Why an individual may get a common cold or twice a year but measles was a one time-occurrence?

Introduction:

There is a wide range of airborne viral diseases such as measles, mumps, chicken pox, and rubella can affect humans. Measles induces systemic infections and also induce a variety of serious problems, such as pneumonia, inner ear infections, and encephalomyelitis. Measles may last for a week with cough, fever, and a rash may persist.

The respiratory diseases range from mild, self-limiting, like common cold to lethal entities such as pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, acute asthma, and bacterial pneumonia.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Cold is considered as a common respiratory illness due to its rapid onset. The causative agent of common cold is Rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses are single stranded plus-sense RNA viruses and they are a genus of the Picornaviridae family. There are other viruses that can cause cold in humans, such as Coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, Adenovirus, Orthomyxovirus, and respiratory syncytial viruses. Since a wide range of viruses causes the common cold the human defense system cannot able to develop immunity to all of them. Therefore, chances of getting cold is frequent.

In contrast, a single virus, called Paramyxovirus, causes the measles. Since, a single virus causes the disease; the human immune system may produce a lifelong immunity against that particular disease. Therefore, if an individual experienced measles, it may be a one-time occurrence.

Answer 7

Chapter 30, Problem 1AQ

Summary Introduction

To describe:

Why an individual may get a common cold or twice a year but measles was a one time-occurrence?

Introduction:

There is a wide range of airborne viral diseases such as measles, mumps, chicken pox, and rubella can affect humans. Measles induces systemic infections and also induce a variety of serious problems, such as pneumonia, inner ear infections, and encephalomyelitis. Measles may last for a week with cough, fever, and a rash may persist.

The respiratory diseases range from mild, self-limiting, like common cold to lethal entities such as pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, acute asthma, and bacterial pneumonia.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Cold is considered as a common respiratory illness due to its rapid onset. The causative agent of common cold is Rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses are single stranded plus-sense RNA viruses and they are a genus of the Picornaviridae family. There are other viruses that can cause cold in humans, such as Coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, Adenovirus, Orthomyxovirus, and respiratory syncytial viruses. Since a wide range of viruses causes the common cold the human defense system cannot able to develop immunity to all of them. Therefore, chances of getting cold is frequent.

In contrast, a single virus, called Paramyxovirus, causes the measles. Since, a single virus causes the disease; the human immune system may produce a lifelong immunity against that particular disease. Therefore, if an individual experienced measles, it may be a one-time occurrence.

Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 30.1 - Why can it be said that respiratory pathogens have...Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 2MQ Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 1CR Ch. 30.2 - Prob. 1MQ Ch. 30.2 - What is the primary virulence factor for...Ch. 30.2 - Prob. 1CR Ch. 30.3 - Prob. 1MQ Ch. 30.3 - What measures can be taken to decrease the current...Ch. 30.3 - Prob. 1CR Ch. 30.4 - Why is Mycobacterium tuberculosis a widespread...

Solution Summary: The author explains that measles, mumps, chicken pox, and rubella are airborne viruses that can affect humans. Rhinoviruses are single stranded plus-sense RNA viruses

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