Chapter 30, Problem 18TE

To determine

The circulation pattern of the Gulf Stream.

Answer to Problem 18TE

The circular pattern of the Gulf Stream occurs when the air of sweltering Doldrums moves upward and reaches the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere. Then, the division of this air occurs, and the two different parts of the air move in two different directions.

Explanation of Solution

The global winds result from cells like circulation pattern of heat distribution due to solar radiation, with little horizontal movement, the warned air flows at the equator in a straight motion. Due to this, the low-pressure zone at the surface occurs. After this, the narrow windless realm of air, which is still hot and stagnant, is created, and these areas are called Doldrums. Moist air from these Doldrums is responsible for torrents of rain.

In the Gulf area, the air of sweltering Doldrums moves in the upward direction and reaches the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere. Here, the air division occurs into two parts: one is going northward, and the other is going southward. When it reaches $30°$ north and $30°$ south latitude, the cooling of air takes place and descends towards the surface. Due to the compression, the descending air warms up and creates a high-pressure zone. So, this high-pressure zone produces a belt of hot and dry air forms.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the circular pattern of the Gulf Stream occurs when the air of sweltering Doldrums moves upward and reaches the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere. Then, the division of this air occurs, and the two different parts of the air move in two different directions.