Adding “timeout” event in “rdt2.1” protocol: Timeout event can be included in “Wait for ACK or NAK0” and “Wait for ACK or NAK0” states of the protocol. Its value is greater than the recognized round-trip propagation interval. If this event had occurred, the current transmitted packet is retransmitted on the channel. After including the sender timeout event, the protocol “rdt2.1” can work with the “rdt2.1” receiver on because of following reasons: If timeout had caused by loss of packet in channel, then the receiver cannot receive the previous transmission. Hence the timeout retransmission will occur and it matches exactly the same as original transmission. If acknowledgement (ACK) is lost, the receiver will retransmit the packet on a timeout. This retransmission will also occur when ACK is corrupted. Hence the sender’s reaction is same when ACK is corrupted. So the receiver can know the way to handle the corrupted ACK. Consider the below diagram will illustrate the modified rdt2.1 protocol:

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Chapter 3, Problem P10P

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Adding “timeout” event in “rdt2.1” protocol:

Timeout event can be included in “Wait for ACK or NAK0” and “Wait for ACK or NAK0” states of the protocol. Its value is greater than the recognized round-trip propagation interval. If this event had occurred, the current transmitted packet is retransmitted on the channel.

After including the sender timeout event, the protocol “rdt2.1” can work with the “rdt2.1” receiver on because of following reasons:

If timeout had caused by loss of packet in channel, then the receiver cannot receive the previous transmission. Hence the timeout retransmission will occur and it matches exactly the same as original transmission.

If acknowledgement (ACK) is lost, the receiver will retransmit the packet on a timeout. This retransmission will also occur when ACK is corrupted. Hence the sender’s reaction is same when ACK is corrupted. So the receiver can know the way to handle the corrupted ACK.

Consider the below diagram will illustrate the modified rdt2.1 protocol:

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