Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 3, Problem 8RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The bacterial cell asymmetry that leads to different structural and functional features of daughter cells and also mention the significance of asymmetry in environmental adaptation and antibiotic therapy.
Introduction:
Cell division is one of the major processes that give rise to copies of the original cell into two or many daughter cells. Through this process, the genetic material is separated into daughter cells in the same amount. The daughter cell consists of the same number of similar chromosomes.
Asymmetric cell division gives rise to two daughter cells and the cellular fate of these daughter cells may vary from one another. Asymmetric cell division indicates intrinsic asymmetric divisions. During this cell division, the stem cell generates one stem cell and one differentiated cell. The daughter cells in asymmetric division receive unequal number of genes during cell division of the mother cell.
Asymmetric cell division gives rise to cellular diversity and regulates the homeostasis of adult tissues. It alters dynamic cell behavior in response to the environmental changes. It leads into the genotypic selection that does not possess heritable allelic changes but consist of a temporary state which is compatible with the altered environment.
The alternator and the accelerator are the two classes of cells that are obtained from the asymmetrical division of the mycobacterial cell. Both of these cells reflect tolerance to different types of antibiotics. This is achieved due to the inheritance of distinct genes for the antibiotic resistance from the stem cell. One cell behaves like a stem and the other reflects a separate behavior.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 3 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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