Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 7Q
At the end of an article on how mutations in variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) sequences of DNA are associated with disease, Krontiris (1995, p. 1683) writes: “The VNTR mutational process may actually be positively selected; by culling those of us in middle age and beyond, evolution brings our species into fighting trim.” (T.G. Krontiris.1995, “Minisatellites and Human Disease.” Science 269, Reprinted with permission of the AAAS).
This researcher proposes that natural selection on humans favors individuals who die relatively early in life. His logic is that the trait of dying from VNTR mutations is beneficial and should spread because the population as a whole becomes younger and healthier as a result. Can this hypothesis be true, given that selection acts on individuals? Explain.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following correctly lists mutation types in order from least likely to affect an organisms phenotype to most likely to affect its phenotype
1.) nonsense mutation; missense mutation; point substitution in an intron; chromosomal duplication
2.) point substitution in an intron; missense mutation; framshift mutation; chromosomal duplication
3.) point substitution in an intron; frameshift mutation; missense mutation; chromosomal duplication
4.) missense mutation; frameshift mutation; point substitution in an intron; chromosomal duplication
https://youtu.be/z9HIYjRRaDE?si=iysZqALCGUupgJlk
Note: This video can also be found under the "What is evolution and how does it occur?" introduction tab in your lab module.
You have already learned about how mutations can change the function of DNA and create new alleles.
Write a short reflection (at least 5-6 sentences) connecting the main point of this video (that some mutations--such as duplicating a section of DNA--can lead to new genes) to your prior understanding of mutations from Life 102 lab.
Focus on making connections and exploring your own thought processes.
If you need help getting started, consider the following questions:
•Did parts of the video reinforce or extend your understanding of mutations? How so?
•Were there any parts of the video that were confusing to you or challenged your existing understanding of mutations? Why were those parts confusing or challenging?
•What further questions do you have about mutations and the emergence of new genes as a result of…
1b) In 1995, the first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria. In the following year, the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be fully sequenced. The complete sequencing of the human genome and related organisms represent one of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of mankind. Write an essay on the importance of genome studies in general.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 3 - In everyday English, the word adaptation means an...Ch. 3 - a. Describe Darwins four postulates in your own...Ch. 3 - Think about how the finch bill data demonstrate...Ch. 3 - According to the text, it is correct to claim that...Ch. 3 - A common creationist criticism of the finch study...Ch. 3 - Suppose that you are starting a long-term study of...Ch. 3 - At the end of an article on how mutations in...Ch. 3 - Describe three major objections to Darwins theory...Ch. 3 - Many working scientists are relatively...Ch. 3 - a. Describe Behes argument of irreducible...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In 1995, the first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria. In the following year, the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be fully sequenced. The complete sequencing of the human genome and related organisms represent one of the greatest scientific achievements in the history of mankind.Elaborate on the importance of genome studies in general.arrow_forwardhttps://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/biotech-dna-technology/dna-cloning-tutorial/a/overview-dna-cloning That is the link for the example ^arrow_forwardWhich organism violates the central dogma of molecular biology?arrow_forward
- Write a paragraph describing the evolutionary forces driving changes in the human genome. You can include evolutionary forces such as random genetic drift, mutation, migration, and natural selection. These forces would have long-term and short-term effects on coding and non-coding DNA, the abundance of transposable elements, and the birth and death of genes. You can focus on a subset of the human population, or the entire species.arrow_forward"The Quest to Create a Synthetic Human Genome" Define this ?arrow_forwardYou are discussing with some of your bio major friends who have not taken Genetics and your non-bio major friends about how characteristics such as blue eye, light skin pigmentation, and light hair color, derived from a mutation that occurred about 10,000 years ago in Europe. Your friends are not very happy that you used the word mutation to describe the origin of human characteristics associated with light pigmentation. At that moment you only recall that green eye, fair skin and red hair in Neanderthals was due to other alleles and you mention that to them as an example of genetic determinants in species of the genus Homo. They are not convinced of your choice of the word mutation. Then you remember part of one of the papers that you read for Minicourse 5 regarding the OCA2 allele. “OCA2, homologous to the mouse pink-eyed dilution gene, encodes the human protein P, an integral membrane protein involved in both the transport of tyrosine and that helps in the regulation of…arrow_forward
- What are the types of transposons? Please explain in detail how transposons contribute to genome evolution.arrow_forwardHow many different explanations can you think of for the observation that the rate of mutation varies across the genome? How would you weigh up evidence for these different ideas to decide which ones have the most explanatory power?arrow_forwardWhat the world looks like due to mutation?illustratearrow_forward
- (a) Why can there be multiple codons for an amino acid? Why would this have evolved? (b) What is the advantage of Illumina Next Generation Sequencing?arrow_forwardThe human genome project was an international effort to completely map the all of the genes of humans. The first information on the human genome generated from this endeavor was published in 2000 and the full sequence was published in 2003. Since then, estimates of the rumber of genes in the human genome have steadily declined, and it is now though that there are about 20,500 genes in the human genome, but the exact number is yet to be determined. Since we have known the sequence of the human genome for almost two decades, why are scientists still not sure of the total number of genes contained within the human genome? In other words, why is it taking so long to determine the number of genes humans have?arrow_forwardYou have sequenced a few individuals in the population and found out that there are only two alleles in the population: one is GGGTCC and the other GGGTAC. You also knew that the DNA sequence encodes two amino acid residues. The mutation responsible for the difference is an insertion mutation a transition mutation nonsynonymous mutation a neutral mutation a silent mutationarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY