Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 6Q
Suppose that you are starting a long-term study of a population of annual, flowering plants isolated on a small island. Reading some recent papers has convinced you that global warming will probably cause long-term changes in the amount of rain the island receives. Outline the observations and experiments you would need to do to document whether natural selection occurs in your study population over the course of your research. What traits would you measure, and why?
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Consider a shrub species that grows along an environmental gradient, where the habitat ranges from being very warm on one end of the gradient, to very cold on the
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other individuals show higher fitness when average temperatures are cold. Based on what you know about how different evolutionary forces interact, under which of
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Population
Population
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Many small populations, lots
of gene flow between them
d.
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a. The species is divided into two large populations, one on the warm end of the gradient and one…
When taking the question, it would appear as:
Consider global warming, a continual gradual increase in average temperatures. How might you expect this to affect natural
selection?
A.environmental changes are unpredictable, and natural selection is a random process, so it is difficult to predict outcome
B.species from warmer climates are likely to expand their ranges into higher latitudes
C.traits that increase reproductive success under warmer temperatures are likely to increase in frequency in a population
D.the stress caused by higher temperatures will increase mutation rates
READ THIS: Notice that natural selection does not refer to individuals changing. Kath
Trequency of adaptive heritable traits in a population changes as a result of natural selection.
REQUIREMENTS FOR NATURAL SELECTION TO OCCUR:
17a. Assuming that both types of pom-poms are present in the population, what do you think
would happen to the pom-pom population if the black forest experienced a prolonged drought
so all the trees died and the habitat became red grassland?
17b. Next, think about an alternative scenario. Suppose that natural selection over many
generations had eliminated all the red pom-poms in the black forest habitat so only black pom-
poms survived. After that, a prolonged drought resulted in this habitat turning into a red
grassland. Would natural selection for pom-pom color occur? Why or why not?
17c. The above scenarios are showing that in order for natural selection to occur
must exist within a trait.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 3 - In everyday English, the word adaptation means an...Ch. 3 - a. Describe Darwins four postulates in your own...Ch. 3 - Think about how the finch bill data demonstrate...Ch. 3 - According to the text, it is correct to claim that...Ch. 3 - A common creationist criticism of the finch study...Ch. 3 - Suppose that you are starting a long-term study of...Ch. 3 - At the end of an article on how mutations in...Ch. 3 - Describe three major objections to Darwins theory...Ch. 3 - Many working scientists are relatively...Ch. 3 - a. Describe Behes argument of irreducible...
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- Alternatively, selection may be performed during mating, where mating is done after a selection process of one of the sexes. The surviving individuals can pass on their (1) to the next generation. When these variations are sustained over a long time and the population changes so that it can no longer (2) with the parent population, a new species is said to have evolved.arrow_forwardWhich aspect(s) of natural selection is(are) illustrated by the figure below? Check ALL answers that apply. A. Variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next generation. B. Variation must exist in a population. C. Variation among individuals leads to differences in lifetime reproductive success. D. More individuals are produced each generation than the environment can support, resulting in competition for survival.arrow_forwardSuppose that recessive deleterious allele is found to be much less common than its predicted equilibrium frequency, based on the selection coefficient and mutation rate measured in modern populations. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? Note that, when selection or mutation rates change, it may take hundred of generations for population to reach its new equilibrium. A. Selection against the allele was weaker in the past than today B. Mutation rates were higher in the past C. Heterozygote advantage in some environments D. Increases lifespans have made the allele more deleterious now than it was in the Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised pleasearrow_forward
- Assume you are studying a population of ocean shrimp that reproduce asexually. You sequence the ocean shrimp and the species that is their closest living relative that reproduces sexually. You find that the asexually reproducing species has a higher number of mutations in the genome. This finding would provide support for which of the following ideas? Linkage disequilibrium Stabilizing selection Disruptive selection Muller's ratchetarrow_forwardYou are working with a group of plants and are trying to take the first step in understanding whether they are in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Determine the number of dominant alleles in the population, given that there are 100 homozygous dominant individuals 23 homozygous recessive individuals and 47 heterozygous individuals.arrow_forwardEvolution determines the change in inherited traits over time to ensure survival. There are three variants identified as Variant 1 with high reproductive rate, eats fruits and seeds; Variant 2, thick fur, produces toxins; and Variant 3 with thick fur, fast and resistant to disease. These variants are found in a cool, wet, and soil environment. In time 0 years with cool and wet environment, the population is 50,000 with 10,000 Variant 1, 15,000 Variant 2, and 25,000 of Variant 3. Two thousand years past, the environment remained the same with constant average temperature and rainfall. Variant 1 with a population of 26,000, Variant 2, 35,000, and Variant 3, 62,000. A disease spread throughout the population. However the population increased to 72,000. Determine the percentage increase in the population of the variants.arrow_forward
- You are studying a species of beetle known as a Flumbodoodle Beetle. The beetle has long spikes on its shell to defend itself from potential predators. You are interested in studying evolution in this beetle. Which of the following studies do you not need to conduct to determine if the long spike trait can evolve by natural selection. a. A study that determines whether beetles with longer spikes survive and reproduce better than beetles with shorter spikes. b. A study that measures the spike length variation across multiple individuals in a population. c. A study where you measure the spike length on the parents and a study where you measure the spike length on the offspring. d. A study that determines whether these spikes on the beetle are also used in mate choice contexts.arrow_forwardPINE TREE NEEDLES Variation among members of a population can lead to natural selection, but only if two conditions are met: First, the trait must be relevant to an individual's survival and/or reproductive rate. Second, variation in this trait must be heritable, that is, at least partly controlled by genes. a. How might you design an experiment to determine the importance of needle length in determining survival and reproduction? b. How might you test the extent to which needle length is heritable?arrow_forwardConsider this example. On a tropical island, there are iguanas that are green, blue, and yellow. The green iguanas can camouflage in the green grass, the yellow iguanas can camouflage in the dry, yellow grass. And the blue iguanas try to run fast to get away from prey. Over time, the blue iguanas disappear on the island, while the green and yellow iguanas survive. What type of natural selection is this? A. Balancing or Stabilizing selection B. Disruptive or Diversifying selection C. Directional selection D. Sexual selectionarrow_forward
- If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene and found large differences from those predicted by the Hardy–Weinberg principle, would that prove that natural selection is occurring in the population you are studying? Review the conditions that lead to an equilibrium population, and explain your answer.arrow_forwardBased on (MS-LS4-4) standard(grade8) - Mathematical Representations of Natural Selection: Most scientists think that a small group of finches colonized the Galápagos Islands thousands of years ago. They would have been the only seed-eating birds on the islands. Suppose one island was very dry and another had plentiful rainfall. Q)How would the finch populations on these islands change over time? Reference to the evidence from data (pictures of Data Set C - Galapagos Islands Finch - 25cm Average Rainfall and Data Set C - Galapagos Islands Finches - Rainfall Effect are attached) and reasoning to support your claim to support your claim. Kindly use also examples outside of the prompt and vocabulary for explanation.arrow_forwardThe following table provides phenotypic data for a population of mammoths living in cold environments based on fossil and DNA evidence. Based on this data and your knowledge of natural selection, which explanation best explains the trends seen in the data? Individuals with thicker fur had a survival advantage in the cold environment, allowing these individuals to reproduce more often and create more offspring. Individuals within this population of mammoths tend to only mate with individuals that have thick fur. This population of mammoths appear to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium since no allele frequencies are changing over time. Individuals with thick fur migrated into the population of mammoths, increasing the proportion of these individuals.arrow_forward
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