Chapter 3, Problem 64IP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given ionic species has to be drawn; mechanism for the conversion 3 to 4 has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction of Grignard reagent with reactant: Grignard reagent acts as strong base and deprotonate the polar reactant by capturing proton forming Hydrocarbon.

Ionic species: The bond formed between two atoms becomes ionic when large electronegative difference exists. An ionic bond is formed from the transfer of an electron from a metal atom to a non-metal atom. Ionic bonds involve a cation and anion which held by electrostatic force of attraction.

Electronegativity Difference, ΔE	Polarity	Bond Type
ΔE = 0.00	nonpolar	pure covalent
0.00 < ΔE < 0.65	nonpolar	covalent
0.65 < ΔE < 1.67	polar	covalent
1.67 < ΔE		ionic

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The location of C-D signal in the spectrum has to be identified and explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hooke’s law: Law enables to approximate the frequency of vibration for a bond between two masses. Generally, bond stretching is dependent on two factors: bond strength and masses of the atoms sharing the bond.

$\overline{\nu }=\left(\frac{1}{2\pi C}\right){\left(\frac{f}{m_{red}}\right)}^{1/2}$

Where, f indicate force constant (bond strength)

  $m_{red}$ Indicates reduced mass $\left(\frac{m_1{m}_2}{m_1{m}_2}\right)$