The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions. Concept introduction: Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion. The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place. In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability. The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is . Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion. To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Question

3. SYNTHESIS. Propose a sequence of synthetic steps (FGI) that convert the starting material (SM) into the Target molecule. For each FGI in your proposed synthesis, specify the reagents / conditions, and draw the product(s) of that FGI. DO NOT INCLUDE the FGI mxn in the answer you submit. If an FGI requires two reagent sets, specify the order in which the reagent sets are added, e.g., i) Hg(OAc)2 / H₂O; ii) NaBH4/MeOH. Indicate the stereochemistry (if any) of the products of each FGI. FGI 1. Me Starting Material Source of all carbons in the Target molecule (can use multiple copies) Me Me Target molecule + enantiomer

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 48PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

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3. SYNTHESIS. Propose a sequence of synthetic steps (FGI) that convert the starting material (SM) into the Target molecule. For each FGI in your proposed synthesis, specify the reagents / conditions, and draw the product(s) of that FGI. DO NOT INCLUDE the FGI mxn in the answer you submit. If an FGI requires two reagent sets, specify the order in which the reagent sets are added, e.g., i) Hg(OAc)2 / H₂O; ii) NaBH4/MeOH. Indicate the stereochemistry (if any) of the products of each FGI. FGI 1. Me Starting Material Source of all carbons in the Target molecule (can use multiple copies) Me Me Target molecule + enantiomer

curved arrows are used to illustate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction mechanism steps

If is was a very hot day, what would the aldol condensation product be? *see image

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 48PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 48PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 48PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 48PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 48PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 48PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds should be identified in each of the given anions.

Concept introduction:

Acidic strength in the molecule depends on the stability of the Conjugate anion.

The anion involving in resonance in a molecule will have greater stability when compared to molecules having single anion. In resonance the delocalization of anion would take place.

In a molecule where the anion is carried by a more electronegative atom will show more stability. The greater electronegativity makes anion closer to the nucleus hence more stabilized. If the negative charge located atom is larger enough to hold the negative charge, then anion attains more stability.

The carbanion stability varies with the percentage of ‘s’character in its hybridization state. Since the s-orbital is closer to nucleus than p-orbital, the hybridized orbital having more‘s’ character will have more stability to accommodate anion (due to high nuclear charge). The order is .

Inductive effect in a compound will affect the anionic stability. +I groups in the compound stabilizes the negative charge of anion.

To find: the more acidic compound from each given pair of compounds.

Answer 22

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 23

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Answer 24

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Answer 27

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Answer 28

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Answer 33

Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 4PTS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 5ATS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3LTS Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 7PTS Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 5LTS Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 13PTS

Chapter 3 Solutions