The group that has the highest LDL-to-HDL ratio. Concept introduction: Lipoproteins are carriers of hydrophobic molecules, in the extracellular matrix and the blood. They are made of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Proteins are made of amino acids. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) transports fat, essentially cholesterol molecules, in an aqueous medium. LDL can get oxidized with arterial walls and form plaque. HDL carries cholesterol to the liver for breaking it down to simple forms, where it is converted into bile acids and sent to the intestine for excretion. Fatty acids (or ci s -unsaturated fatty acids or fat) are fatty acids that have carbon-carbon double bonds with cis configuration. Trans fatty acids (or t rans -unsaturated fatty acids or trans fats) are fatty acids that have carbon-carbon double bonds with trans configuration. Trans fats have unusual trans configuration. Saturated fatty acids have fatty acid chains lacking double bonds between their carbon atoms.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3DAA

Summary Introduction

To explain: The group that has the highest LDL-to-HDL ratio.

Concept introduction: Lipoproteins are carriers of hydrophobic molecules, in the extracellular matrix and the blood. They are made of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Proteins are made of amino acids. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) transports fat, essentially cholesterol molecules, in an aqueous medium. LDL can get oxidized with arterial walls and form plaque. HDL carries cholesterol to the liver for breaking it down to simple forms, where it is converted into bile acids and sent to the intestine for excretion. Fatty acids (or cis-unsaturated fatty acids or fat) are fatty acids that have carbon-carbon double bonds with cis configuration. Trans fatty acids (or trans-unsaturated fatty acids or trans fats) are fatty acids that have carbon-carbon double bonds with trans configuration. Trans fats have unusual trans configuration. Saturated fatty acids have fatty acid chains lacking double bonds between their carbon atoms.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Lipoproteins are relatively large, combined clumps of both protein and lipid molecules that circulate in the blood of mammals. They come in two forms, called HDL and LDL, and they act like suitcases to move cholesterol, fatty acid remnants, triglycerides, and phospholipids from one place to another through the bloodstream. (LDL recirculates lipids throughout the body, while HDL takes lipids to the liver to excrete them in feces.) Given that lipids are hydrophobic and proteins can be hydrophilic, which of the following statements is correct? (a) The lipid portion of LDL does not dissolve in the bloodstream, while the lipid portion of HDL does. (b) The protein portions of both LDL and HDL can dissolve or interact with the water molecules in the bloodstream. (c) Neither the protein nor the lipid portions of LDL molecules can interact with water molecules in the bloodstream. (d) Both the protein and the lipid portions of HDL molecules can interact with water molecules in the bloodstream.…

Current dietary recommendations to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease include all of the following EXCEPT O Eliminate all dietary cholesterol from your diet, such as that found in egg yolk, because it is the main cause of heart disease. O Consume more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats such as those found in olive oil, fish, nuts, and avocados instead of saturated fats found in red meats. O Increase consumption of oats, legumes, and soy products that may help lower blood cholesterol levels. O Try to eliminate trans-fats from your diet completely.

While not a lipid, cholesterol is often found associated with membranes. Explain how a cholesterol molecule is able to be held in place, and which parts of the cholesterol associate with which parts of the lipds. Animals like caribou (a.k.a. reindeer) that live in cold arctic regions such as the north pole often have more cholesterol in their legs than the rest of their bodies. Suggest a reason this may occur (cholesterol does not help with flight).