Bundle: Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life, Loose-leaf Version, 14th + LMS Integrated for MindTap Biology, 2 terms (12 months) Printed Access Card
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305775480
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 2CT
In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom was developing new insecticides by modifying sugars with chlorine (Cl2), phosgene (Cl2CO), and other toxic gases. One young member of the team misunderstood his verbal instructions to “test” a new molecule. He thought he had been told to “taste” it. Luckily for him, the molecule was not toxic, but it was very sweet. It became the food additive sucralose.
Sucralose has three chlorine atoms substituted for three hydroxyl groups of sucrose (table sugar):
The altered sugar binds so strongly to the sweet-taste receptors on the tongue that the human brain perceives it as 600 times sweeter than sucrose. Sucralose was originally marketed as an artificial sweetener called Splenda®, but it is now available under several other brand names.
Researchers investigated whether the body recognizes sucralose as a carbohydrate by feeding sucralose labeled with 14C to volunteers. Analysis of the radioactive molecules in the volunteers’ urine and feces showed that 92.8 percent of the sucralose passed through the body without being altered.
Some people are worried that the chlorine atoms impart toxicity to sucralose. How would you respond to that concern?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Each of the ff. involves a disorder in the function of an organelle or other cell structure. Identify the cell organelle or cell structure involved and indicate whether it is likely to be underactive or active.
a) A baby is placed on a low phenylalanine diet as his newborn screening results revealed that he inherited phenylketonuria.
b) A girl suddenly felt weak and manifested cyanide poisoning symptoms after ingesting undercooked cassava which contains cyanoglycosides.
c) A man develops pleiomorphic liposarcoma (rare cancer). The cause of the problem is a hard mass of cells in his right inner thigh that rapidly increased in size in a matter of 2 months.
d) A male chef learns that he is infertile because his sperm are non-motile.
Helping tags: biology, cell biology, cell structure, cell organelle
Select the term in column B which best matches the description in column A. There are more terms then
needed.
Column A
Column B
1. The pentose sugar found in DNA.
a) Cis fatty acid
b) Trans fatty acid
c) Coenzyme
d) Cofacipr
2. Commonly referred to as "insoluble fiber".
3. Considered to be an amphipathic molecule.
4. A molecule with the formula C18H3602 is probably a
e) Phospholipid
5. Bond created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein.
) Glycogen
6. A non-protein organic molecule needed for proper enzyme functioning.
g) Cellulose
7. Pyrimidine base found only in RNA.
h) Galactose
i) Fructose
8. Increasing the number of these molecules in the cell membrane would
increase the permeability of the cell membrane.
i) Thymine
k) Uracil
9. Bond which connects nucleotide monomers together.
1) Fatty acid
m) Disaccharide
n) Peptide bond
o) A-Helix
p) B-Pleated Sheet
q) Ribose
r) Deoxyribose
10.
Hello,
Can someone please explain this question to me? I really try to understand to solve it but i struggle. Any help is appreciated
Chapter 3 Solutions
Bundle: Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life, Loose-leaf Version, 14th + LMS Integrated for MindTap Biology, 2 terms (12 months) Printed Access Card
Ch. 3 - Organic molecules consist mainly of ______ atoms....Ch. 3 - Prob. 2SQCh. 3 - _______ groups are the acid part of amino acids...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4SQCh. 3 - Which three carbohydrates can be built using only...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6SQCh. 3 - Prob. 7SQCh. 3 - Steroids are among the lipids with no _________....Ch. 3 - Which of the following is a class of molecules...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1DAA
Ch. 3 - Prob. 2DAACh. 3 - Prob. 3DAACh. 3 - Prob. 4DAACh. 3 - ________ are to proteins as _______ are to nucleic...Ch. 3 - A denatured protein has lost its _______ . a....Ch. 3 - __________ consists of nucleotides. a. Ribose b....Ch. 3 - In the following list, identify the carbohydrate,...Ch. 3 - Match the molecules with the best description....Ch. 3 - Match each polymer with the component monomers....Ch. 3 - Lipoprotein particles are relatively large,...Ch. 3 - In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Describe the evolution of mammals, tracing their synapsid lineage from early amniote ancestors to true mammals....
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Why is it unlikely that two neighboring water molecules would be arranged like this?
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
The appearance of glucose in the urine a. occurs normally. b. indicates the presence of kidney disease. c. occu...
Human Physiology
11. In the early 1800s, French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck suggested that the best explanation for the rel...
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Why are mutants used as test organisms in the Ames test?
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider the following molecules. (a) Name the molecule and its function for letters: A, C, and E. (b) Name the group and where it is made in the cell for letters: B, C, and D. но но но I|I|| I || H-N-C-Č-N-C-C-N-c-C- OH H CH2 H ÓH H SH A B HH H H HHH HHH H HHH H C-C-C-C-C-C ннннн нннн нннннн HH HHH -с-с-ҫ-ҫ--с-с-н H-C-o CH OH HH H H HH H H H H OH H H-C-0 H H HH H H H H Η Η Η Η HH HH HHHHHHHHH HH HO -C-C-C-C-C -C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-H H-C-0 end H H HH H H H H H H HHHHH D H 'endarrow_forwardWhy are nucleotide or nucleoside analogs effective as drugs? a) act as competitive inhibitor b) mimic functions of DNA or RNA components c) targets the cell wallarrow_forwardIdentify the following polysaccharides for each of the following uses: a.) Plants i.) Cell wall ii.) Storage B.) Animal i.) Exoskeleton ii.) Storage C.) Fungi i.) Cell wall D.) Bacteria i.) Cell wallarrow_forward
- Explain the nature of Echinolone whether it's a volatile or non-volatile. Since some of your answer says it's volatile and some says non-volatile and make it clear the storage process of the compound Echinolone. Please kindly read the question and answer. Don't write in sake of answering questions.arrow_forwardAll of the following are functions of nucleotides EXCEPT: (A) They form part of the structure of important redox carriers.(B) They are important metabolites that serve as secondary messengers. (C) They are polymerized to form DNA and RNA.(D) They are used as reductants during the recycling of reduced glutathione. (E) They function as high energy equivalents and energetic currency.arrow_forwardRadioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of elements are commonly used in biological experiments as tracers to follow and detect molecules of interest. For example, photosynthetic intermediates produced during carbon dioxide conversion to sugars were detected by exposing algae to carbon dioxide containing a radioactive form of carbon. This radioactive carbon could be rapidly detected in molecules produced by the algae during carbon fixation and sugar production. Why can scientists substitute radioisotopes for isotopes commonly found in cells when conducting experiments? Select an Answer O A. Radioisotopes of an element differ only in the number of neutrons, so therefore they behave the same way chemically as the isotopes that occur in cells. B. Compounds containing radioisotopes are not acted upon by enzymes, so the radioisotopes will therefore not interfere with normal cellular processes. O C. Radioisotopes contain additional protons, so they are heavier than the nonradioactive isotopes…arrow_forward
- Trypsin catalyzes the cleavage of: a) all peptide bonds b) peptide bonds after Lys or Arg c) peptide bonds before Lys or Arg d) peptide bonds after Met Papain catalyzes the cleavage of: a) all peptide bonds b) peptide bonds after Lys or Arg c) peptide bonds before Lys or Arg d) peptide bonds after Met The molecule which binds to an enzyme and undergoes chemical reaction is called a: a) substrate b) cofactor c) coenzyme d) prosthetic group A metal ion which binds to an enzyme and assists it in catalysis is called: a) substrate b) cofactor c) coenzyme d) prosthetic group Proteases are a subclass of which larger class? A) isomerases b) oxidoreductases c) lyases d) hydrolases Transferases which catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group are called: a) lyases b) ligases c) kinases d) phosphatasesarrow_forwardTriclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent used in many household products. It is structurally similar to polychlorobiphenylol, a substrate that binds to the active site of the enzyme sulfotransferase. Based on these facts, you can conclude that triclosan most likely: lowers the activation energy of chemical reactions. functions as an enzyme when sulfotransferase is absent. is a competitive inhibitor. acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor.arrow_forwardPlease answer fast Which of these is NOT made from glutamate semialdehyde A) proline B) lysine C) ornithine D) glutamine E) arginine The answer is E, but I want to know why. Please provide an explanation.arrow_forward
- A laboratory in Japan performed a similar experiment on earthworms from different localities of the Japanese archipelago, but instead of linking trypsin activity within worms to anatomical features, they were interested in geographical differences in the ability of the worms to breakdown environmental pollutants using the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. The protocol was similar to the one you used, except that enzyme activity was measured from 100 µl of worm extract. Data obtained are displayed below: Locality Replicate Amount of product Concentration of total protein in worm extract (µg/ml) liberated over 10 minutes (pmol) Hokkaido 1 101 4 87 3 3 107 4 4 88 3 5 89 Hon-shu 1 126 2 2 120 3 3 156 4 4 153 5 5 119 4 Куu-shu 1 103 4 2 99 5 3 94 4 108 3 5 110 5 Okinawa 1 88 3 2 90 4 3 96 4 100 112 5 5 3 From the data in the table, calculate the specific activity of polyphenol oxidase (in units of umol/min/mg protein) from each locality, presenting the data as mean + standard error (n=5).arrow_forward1) Answer the following questions about a Vegetarian diet: a) List Pros and Cons of being on the diet. b) List any possible misconceptions that may have been verified or nullified by scientific articles for this diet. c) What biochemical pathway would this diet target?arrow_forwardA single celled, prokaryote organism has the ability to use the Na+/K+ pump in their cell membrane to move Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. The Na+ /K+ pump is an example of a functional protein because it a) is a Polypeptide presents specific shapes that interact with (binds with) specific molecules, b) uses electrical interactions with these molecules to produce change in its shape or motion. C) interacts with specific molecules based on the fit of the molecule into specific active sites in the protein, d) As a result of the interaction with specific molecules, it can bind with ATP and use the bond energy in the ATP molecule to move the target molecule(s). e) all the answers are true.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
What is a Primary and Secondary Metabolite?; Author: Unicity International;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRNUURm0agM;License: Standard Youtube License