
(a)
Interpretation:
The standard free-energy change at
Concept introduction:
The relation between change in standard free energy of ionization
Where,
•
•
•

Answer to Problem 3.49AP
The standard free-energy change at
Explanation of Solution
The standard free-energy change is given by the formula shown below.
Where,
•
•
•
The calculated value of
The temperature is given as
Substitute the temperature
Substitute
Therefore, the standard free-energy change at
The standard free-energy change at
(b)
Interpretation:
The standard free-energy change at
Concept introduction:
The relation between change in standard free energy of ionization
Where,
•
•
•

Answer to Problem 3.49AP
The standard free-energy change at
Explanation of Solution
The standard free-energy change is given by the formula shown below.
Where,
•
•
•
The calculated value of
The temperature is given as
Substitute the temperature
Substitute
Therefore, the standard free-energy change at
The standard free-energy change at
(c)
Interpretation:
The concentration of each species at equilibrium for
Concept introduction:
Equilibrium constant of a reaction is expressed by the ratio of concentration of product species raised to the power of their

Answer to Problem 3.49AP
The concentration of
Explanation of Solution
The reaction (a) in Problem 3.48 is given as shown below.
In the above reaction,
The initial concentration of
Let the concentration consumed by each reactant be
The equilibrium constant for the reversible reaction is written as shown below.
The calculated value of
Substitute the concentration of each species at equilibrium in equation (1).
Using the quadratic formula, the value of
Substitute the value of
Therefore, the two possible values of
Therefore, the value of
The concentration of
The concentration of
The concentration of
The concentration of
Therefore, the concentration of
The concentration of
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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